Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of metagenomics in understanding the human microbiome in health and disease.
TL;DR: The link between the human microbiota (focusing on the intestinal, vaginal, skin, and airway body sites) and health from this ecological point of view is summarized, highlighting the contribution of metagenomics in the advance of this field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of the gut microbiome and plasma short-chain fatty acid profiles in a spontaneous mouse model of metabolic syndrome.
Kazuchika Nishitsuji,Jin-zhong Xiao,Ryosuke Nagatomo,Hitomi Umemoto,Yuki Morimoto,Hiroyasu Akatsu,Koichi Inoue,Koichi Tsuneyama +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that gut dysbiosis and consequent disruptions in plasma SCFA profiles occurred in metabolic syndrome-affected TSOD mice, and it is proposed that the TSOD mouse is a useful model to study gut Dysbiosis, SCFAs, and metabolic syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and loss of barrier function in the setting of altered microbiota with enteral nutrient deprivation.
Farokh R. Demehri,Meredith Barrett,Matthew W. Ralls,Eiichi A. Miyasaka,Yongjia Feng,Daniel H. Teitelbaum +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a mouse model of TPN-dependent epithelial changes was used to identify several contributing factors, such as modification of luminal bacteria, blockade of proinflammatory cytokines, or growth factor replacement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the gut-kidney axis among biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls: an analysis of the gut microbiota composition.
Sibei Tao,Lingzhi Li,Ling Li,Yuan Liu,Qian Ren,Min Shi,Jing Liu,Jing Jiang,Huichao Ma,Zhuo Huang,Zijing Xia,Jing Pan,Tiantian Wei,Yan Wang,Peiyun Li,Tian Lan,Xi Tang,Xiaoxi Zeng,Song Lei,Huairong Tang,Liang Ma,Liang Ma,Ping Fu +22 more
TL;DR: Gut microbiota composition was explored to be related to the occurrence of biopsy-proven DN from DM, and DM could be distinguished from HC by detecting g_Prevotella_9 level in feces, while DN was different from DM by the variables of g_Escherichia-Shigella and g_ Prevotella-9, which potentially contributed to the physiopathological diagnosis ofDN from DM.
Journal ArticleDOI
High diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities of marine fishes is promoted by their high variability among body parts, individuals and species.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that fish surfaces host highly diverse bacterial communities, whose composition was very different from that of surrounding bacterioplankton, supported by the important variability, between host species, individuals and the different body parts.
References
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