Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis
TL;DR: An overview of the intestinal microbiota is provided and the cell biology of Paneth cells is described, emphasizing the composition of their secretions and the roles of these cells in intestinal host defence and homeostasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity
Siobhan F. Clarke,Siobhan F. Clarke,Eileen F. Murphy,Orla O'Sullivan,Alice J. Lucey,Margaret Humphreys,Aileen Hogan,Paula A. Hayes,O'Reilly M,Ian B. Jeffery,Ruth Wood-Martin,David M. Kerins,Eamonn Martin Quigley,R. Paul Ross,R. Paul Ross,Paul W. O'Toole,Michael G. Molloy,Eanna Falvey,Fergus Shanahan,Paul D. Cotter,Paul D. Cotter +20 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for a beneficial impact of exercise on gut microbiota diversity but also indicate that the relationship is complex and is related to accompanying dietary extremes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey ( Alouatta pigra ) gastrointestinal microbiomes
Katherine R. Amato,Carl J. Yeoman,Carl J. Yeoman,Angela D. Kent,Nicoletta Righini,Franck Carbonero,Alejandro Estrada,H. Rex Gaskins,Rebecca M. Stumpf,Suleyman Yildirim,Manolito Torralba,Marcus Gillis,Brenda A. Wilson,Karen E. Nelson,Bryan A. White,Steven R. Leigh +15 more
TL;DR: High throughput microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing indicated that diversity, richness and composition of howler GI microbiomes varied with host habitat in relation to diet, and a reduction in the number of genes related to butyrate production and hydrogen metabolism in the microbiomes of howlers occupying suboptimal habitats may impact host health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Secretory IgA's Complex Roles in Immunity and Mucosal Homeostasis in the Gut
TL;DR: In just the past several years, SIgA has been identified as having the capacity to directly quench bacterial virulence factors, influence composition of the intestinal microbiota by Fab-dependent and Fab-independent mechanisms, promote retro-transport of antigens across the intestinal epithelium to dendritic cell subsets in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and, finally, to downregulate proinflammatory responses normally associated with the uptake of highly pathogenic bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exposure to a Social Stressor Alters the Structure of the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications for Stressor-Induced Immunomodulation
TL;DR: Stressor exposure significantly changed the community structure of the microbiota, particularly when the microbiota were assessed immediately after stressor exposure, and remarkably also suggest that the microbiota are necessary for stressor-induced increases in circulating cytokines.
References
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