Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut bifidobacteria: Molecular strategies for their utilization
TL;DR: Recent advances regarding the influence of HMO in promoting a healthy gut microbiome are discussed, with emphasis in the molecular basis of the enrichment in beneficial Bifidobacterium, and novel approaches to replicate the effect of H MO using synthetic or bovine oligosaccharides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission of the gut microbiota: spreading of health
Hilary P. Browne,B. Anne Neville,Samuel C. Forster,Samuel C. Forster,Samuel C. Forster,Trevor D. Lawley +5 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms and factors that influence host-to-host transmission of the intestinal microbiota are discussed and how a better understanding of these processes will identify new approaches to nurture and restore transmission routes that are used by beneficial bacteria are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Flavonoids from Modified Apple Reduce Inflammation Markers and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Mice
Richard V. Espley,Christine A. Butts,William A. Laing,Sheridan Martell,Hannah Smith,Tony K. McGhie,Jingli Zhang,Gunaranjan Paturi,Duncan Hedderley,Arnaud G. Bovy,Henk J. Schouten,Joanna Putterill,Andrew C. Allan,Andrew C. Allan,Roger P. Hellens +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared genetically engineered apples with increased flavonoids with nontransformed apples from the same genotype, "Royal Gala" (RG), and a control diet with no apple, and found that the MYB10 diet contained elevated concentrations of the flavonoid subclasses anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (epicatechin), and oligomers (procyanidin B2), but other plant secondary metabolites were largely unaltered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Causality of small and large intestinal microbiota in weight regulation and insulin resistance
Torsten P. M. Scheithauer,Torsten P. M. Scheithauer,Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie,Willem M. de Vos,Max Nieuwdorp,Max Nieuwdorp,Daniël H. van Raalte +6 more
TL;DR: Interventions aimed to restoring gut microbial homeostasis, such as ingestion of specific fibers or therapeutic microbes, are promising strategies to reduce insulin resistance and the related metabolic abnormalities in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial succession in the gut: directional trends of taxonomic and functional change in a birth cohort of Spanish infants.
Yvonne Vallès,Alejandro Artacho,Alberto Pascual-García,María Loreto Ferrús,María José Gosalbes,J.J. Abellán,María Pilar Francino +6 more
TL;DR: Network analyses suggest that positive interactions among core genera during community assembly contribute to ensure their permanence within the gut, and highlight an expansion of complexity in the interactions network as the core of taxa shared by all infants grows following the introduction of solid foods.
References
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