Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota as a Driver of Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Stefano Bibbò,Gianluca Ianiro,Maria Pina Dore,Claudia Simonelli,Estelle E. Newton,Giovanni Cammarota +5 more
TL;DR: The role of intestinal dysbiosis in the activation of the inflammatory cascade in NAFLD is described and larger production of endogenous ethanol, and higher prevalence of increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were found in patients with liver injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
A correlation between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis
Marta Anna Szychlinska,Michelino Di Rosa,Alessandro Castorina,Alessandro Castorina,Ali Mobasheri,Ali Mobasheri,Giuseppe Musumeci,Giuseppe Musumeci +7 more
TL;DR: A narrative review of recent literature concerning the possible contribution of dysbiosis to OA onset and the importance of gut microbiome homeostasis maintenance for optimal general health preservation is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection
Krishna Rao,Nasia Safdar +1 more
TL;DR: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who undergo FMT for CDI may be at increased risk of IBD flare, and caution should be exercised with use of FMT in that population, and rigorously conducted prospective studies are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
TL;DR: There is evidence that gut microbiota participates in NAFLD development through, among others, obesity induction, endogenous ethanol production, inflammatory response triggering and alterations in choline metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
The multiple and enigmatic roles of guanylyl cyclase C in intestinal homeostasis.
TL;DR: This review highlights recent findings arising from studies in the GC‐C knock‐out mouse, along with enigmatic results obtained from the first descriptions of human disease caused by mutations in theGC‐C gene.
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