Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Mechanism of glucose‐lowering by metformin in type 2 diabetes: Role of bile acids
Daniel J Sansome,Cong Xie,Simon Veedfald,Simon Veedfald,Michael Horowitz,Christopher K. Rayner,Tongzhi Wu,Tongzhi Wu +7 more
TL;DR: The present review focuses on the conceptual shift in understanding as to how metformin lowers blood glucose in T2DM, with a particular emphasis on the role of intestinal bile acids.
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The anti-diabetic activity of Bifidobacterium lactis HY8101 in vitro and in vivo
S.-H. Kim,Chul-Sung Huh,I.-D. Choi,J.-W. Jeong,H.-K. Ku,J.-H. Ra,T.-Y. Kim,Geun Bae Kim,J.-H. Sim,Young-Tae Ahn +9 more
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis HY8101 on insulin resistance induced using tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells and on the KK‐AY mouse noninsulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) model.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Gut Microbiome in Patients with Intestinal Failure: Current Evidence and Implications for Clinical Practice
Esther G. Neelis,Barbara A. E. de Koning,Edmond Rings,Edmond Rings,Rene M. H. Wijnen,Ben Nichols,Jessie M. Hulst,Konstantinos Gerasimidis +7 more
TL;DR: The value of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to guide clinical practice and as a modifiable therapeutic target to optimize outcomes of patients with IF should be explored.
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Comparing fecal microbiota transplantation to standard-of-care treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: FMT is a promising treatment modality for rCDI compared with MT alone and more well-designed RCTs directed at homogenous FMT preparation and delivery methods are required to validate these findings.
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Gut microbes in cardiovascular diseases and their potential therapeutic applications.
TL;DR: The complex interplay between microbes, their metabolites, and the potential influence on the generation and development of CVDs are highlighted.
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