Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
John F. Cryan,Timothy G. Dinan +1 more
TL;DR: The emerging concept of a microbiota–gut–brain axis suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota may be a tractable strategy for developing novel therapeutics for complex CNS disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota — masters of host development and physiology
TL;DR: The gut microbiota has a beneficial role during normal homeostasis, modulating the host's immune system as well as influencing host development and physiology, including organ development and morphogenesis, and host metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Indigenous Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota Regulate Host Serotonin Biosynthesis
Jessica M. Yano,Kristie B. Yu,Gregory P. Donaldson,Gauri G. Shastri,Phoebe Ann,Liang Ma,Cathryn R. Nagler,Rustem F. Ismagilov,Sarkis K. Mazmanian,Elaine Y. Hsiao +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Indigenous spore-forming bacteria from the mouse and human microbiota promote 5-HT biosynthesis from colonic enterochromaffin cells (ECs), which supply 5- HT to the mucosa, lumen, and circulating platelets and elevating luminal concentrations of particular microbial metabolites increases colonic and blood5-HT in germ-free mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
John F. Cryan,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Caitlin S. M. Cowan,Kiran V. Sandhu,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Marcus Boehme,Martín Gabriel Codagnone,Sofia Cussotto,Christine Fülling,Anna V. Golubeva,Katherine E. Guzzetta,Minal Jaggar,Caitriona M. Long-Smith,Joshua M. Lyte,Jason A. Martin,Alicia Molinero-Perez,Gerard M. Moloney,Emanuela Morelli,Enrique Morillas,Rory C. O'Connor,Joana S Cruz-Pereira,Veronica L. Peterson,Kieran Rea,Nathaniel L. Ritz,Eoin Sherwin,Simon Spichak,Emily M. Teichman,Marcel van de Wouw,Ana Paula Ventura-Silva,Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons,Niall P. Hyland,Gerard Clarke,Timothy G. Dinan +32 more
TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites
William R. Wikoff,Andrew T. Anfora,Jun Liu,Peter G. Schultz,Scott A. Lesley,Eric C. Peters,Gary Siuzdak +6 more
TL;DR: A broad, drug-like phase II metabolic response of the host to metabolites generated by the microbiome was observed, suggesting that the gut microflora has a direct impact on the drug metabolism capacity of theHost.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Analysis of Commensal Host-Microbial Relationships in the Intestine
TL;DR: Coloring germ-free mice with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveals that this commensal bacterium modulates expression of genes involved in several important intestinal functions, including nutrient absorption, mucosal barrier fortification, xenobiotic metabolism, angiogenesis, and postnatal intestinal maturation.
Journal ArticleDOI
A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease
TL;DR: It is reported here that the prominent human symbiont Bacteroides fragilis protects animals from experimental colitis induced by Helicobacter hepaticus and that molecules of the bacterial microbiota can mediate the critical balance between health and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice.
Nobuyuki Sudo,Yoichi Chida,Yuji Aiba,Junko Sonoda,Naomi Oyama,Xiao Nian Yu,Chiharu Kubo,Yasuhiro Koga +7 more
TL;DR: Exposure to microbes at an early developmental stage is required for the HPA system to become fully susceptible to inhibitory neural regulation, and results suggest that commensal microbiota can affect the postnatal development of the Hpa stress response in mice.
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