Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Interaction between microplastics and microorganism as well as gut microbiota: A consideration on environmental animal and human health.
TL;DR: This review summarized the interactions between MPs and microorganisms as well as gut microbiota, and considered the possible impacts of MPs on environmental animal and human health, suggesting that the environmental microorganisms and the gut microbiota of animals were also the very important target for MPs.
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The Impact of Different DNA Extraction Kits and Laboratories upon the Assessment of Human Gut Microbiota Composition by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Nicholas A. Kennedy,Alan W. Walker,Susan H. Berry,Sylvia H. Duncan,Freda M. Farquarson,Petra Louis,John M. Thomson,Jack Satsangi,Harry J. Flint,Julian Parkhill,Charlie W. Lees,Georgina L. Hold +11 more
TL;DR: Significant differences in DNA yield and bacterial DNA composition when comparing DNA extracted from the same fecal sample with different extraction kits are demonstrated, highlighting the importance of ensuring that samples in a study are prepared with the same method, and the need for caution when cross-comparing studies that use different methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Major phenylpropanoid‐derived metabolites in the human gut can arise from microbial fermentation of protein
Wendy R. Russell,Sylvia H. Duncan,Lorraine Scobbie,Gary Duncan,Louise Cantlay,A. Graham Calder,Susan E. Anderson,Harry J. Flint +7 more
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that certain microbial species have the ability to ferment all three AAAs and that protein fermentation is the likely source of major phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites in the colon.
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Interplay between anthocyanins and gut microbiota.
TL;DR: This review aimed to compile information regarding interaction of anthocyanins with the microbiota, from two perspectives: identification of their colonic metabolites as potential bioactive molecules and their role as prebiotic agents.
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Dietary fucoidan modulates the gut microbiota in mice by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae
TL;DR: Modulations of gut microbiota by different fucoidans were studied and it was found that at the expense of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Peptococcus, the abundance of beneficial bacteria was significantly increased in response to fucoidan treatment.
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