Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human Gut Microbiota: Repertoire and Variations
TL;DR: A considerable limitation to the interpretation of studies of human gut microbiota is associated with funding sources and transparency disclosures, and studies independent of food industry funding and using complementary methods from a broad range of both culture-based and molecular tools will increase knowledge of the repertoire of this complex ecosystem and host-microbiota mutualism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour
TL;DR: This Review analyses the data relevant to possible involvement of the gut bacteria in the regulation of host appetite and proposes an integrative homeostatic model of appetite control that includes energy needs of both the host and its gut bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the composition of the microbiome and metabolism in larval zebrafish
TL;DR: The results show that polystyrene microplastic could cause alterations in the microbiome at the phylum and genus levels in larval zebrafish, including changes in abundance and diversity of the microbiome, and indicated that the potential effects of environmental microplastics on aquatic organisms should not be ignored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Winnie Fong,Qing Li,Jun Yu +2 more
TL;DR: Developing personalized microbiome therapy may be the key to successful clinical treatment of CRC in view of the individualized host response to gut microbiome intervention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment, promotion, commotion: antibiotic alternatives in food-producing animals
TL;DR: A fundamental understanding of how antibiotics improve feed efficiency is lacking, and an individual alternative is unlikely to embody all of the performance-enhancing functions of antibiotics.
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