Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Enteroglial-derived S100B protein integrates bacteria-induced Toll-like receptor signalling in human enteric glial cells
Fabio Turco,Giovanni Sarnelli,Carla Cirillo,Carla Cirillo,Ilaria Palumbo,Francesco De Giorgi,Alessandra D’Alessandro,Marcella Cammarota,Mariateresa Giuliano,Rosario Cuomo +9 more
TL;DR: Human EGC interact with bacteria and discriminate between pathogens and probiotics via a different TLR expression and NO production, suggesting the presence of a novel common pathway involving both TLR stimulation and S100B protein upregulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Co-evolution in context: The importance of studying gut microbiomes in wild animals
TL;DR: Current knowledge of host-gut microbe dynamics is used to explore the potential interactions between host and microbe in natural habitats and the influence of host habitat on gut microbial community composition as well as the impacts of the gut microbiota on host fitness in a given habitat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unique Organization of Extracellular Amylases into Amylosomes in the Resistant Starch-Utilizing Human Colonic Firmicutes Bacterium Ruminococcus bromii
Xiaolei Ze,Yonit Ben David,Jenny A. Laverde-Gomez,Bareket Dassa,Paul O. Sheridan,Sylvia H. Duncan,Petra Louis,Bernard Henrissat,Nathalie Juge,Nicole M. Koropatkin,Edward A. Bayer,Harry J. Flint +11 more
TL;DR: This organization of starch-degrading enzymes is unprecedented and provides the first example of cohesin-dockerin interactions being involved in an amylolytic system, which is referred to as an “amylosome.”
Journal ArticleDOI
Survival in hostile territory: the microbiota of the stomach.
TL;DR: The available literature about the gastric microbiota in humans and selected model animals is summarized, the methods used in its characterization are discussed, and gaps in knowledge are identified to advance the understanding of the bacterial colonization of the different layers of the Gastric mucosa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial growth promoter use in livestock: a requirement to understand their modes of action to develop effective alternatives.
TL;DR: New evidence indicates that AGP function is more complex than merely affecting enteric bacterial populations, and AGPs likely function by directly or indirectly modulating host responses such as the immune system, which will facilitate the development of effective alternatives.
References
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Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
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