Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal microbiota could transfer host Gut characteristics from pigs to mice
H. Diao,H. L. Yan,Yuanyou Xiao,Bing Yu,Jie Yu,Jinxin He,Ping Zheng,Benhua Zeng,Hong Wei,Xiangbing Mao,Duofang Chen +10 more
TL;DR: There were huge differences in gut microbiota composition and gut characteristics among pig breeds, and gut microbiota could partially convey host gut characteristics from pigs to mice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atopic dermatitis and the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs.
TL;DR: Manipulation of the canine intestinal microbiota as a method for modifying atopy, may be attempted in many ways including avoidance of certain foods, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, optimising nutrient intake, minimising stress, antimicrobial therapy, correction and prevention of low stomach acid, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond the gut bacterial microbiota: The gut virome
P. Columpsi,Paolo Sacchi,Valentina Zuccaro,Serena Cima,Cristina Sarda,M. Mariani,Andrea Gori,Raffaele Bruno +7 more
TL;DR: The gastrointestinal tract is colonized with a highly different population of bacterial, viral, ad fungal species; viruses are reported to be dominant and phages could elicit innate antiviral immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ethical Issues in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Practice.
TL;DR: This article draws on a sample of the scientific and bioethics literatures to examine clusters of ethical and social issues arising in five main areas: informed consent and the vulnerability of patients; determining what a “suitable healthy donor” is; safety and risk; commercialization and potential exploitation of vulnerable patients; and public health implications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrative analysis of gut microbiota composition, host colonic gene expression and intraluminal metabolites in aging C57BL/6J mice.
Benthe van der Lugt,Fenni Rusli,Carolien Lute,Andreas Lamprakis,Ethel Salazar,Mark V. Boekschoten,Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld,Michael Müller,Jacques Vervoort,Sander Kersten,Clara Belzer,Dieuwertje E. Kok,Wilma T. Steegenga +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that aging is associated with pronounced changes in gut microbiota composition and colonic gene expression, and the strong correlations between specific bacterial genera and host gene expression may imply that orchestrated interactions take place in the vicinity of the colonic wall and potentially mediate colonic health during aging.
References
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