Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Probiotics and liver disease.
TL;DR: This review focuses on changes in gut microbiota in the context of liver disease and possible roles of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in liver disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Feeding Bt MON810 Maize to Pigs for 110 Days on Intestinal Microbiota
Stefan G. Buzoianu,Stefan G. Buzoianu,Maria Walsh,Mary C. Rea,Mary C. Rea,Orla O'Sullivan,Fiona Crispie,Fiona Crispie,Paul D. Cotter,Paul D. Cotter,R. Paul Ross,R. Paul Ross,Gillian E. Gardiner,Peadar G. Lawlor +13 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that feeding Bt maize to pigs in the context of its influence on the porcine intestinal microbiota is safe and a minor increase in the genus Holdemania is not likely to be of clinical significance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Allicin Improves Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota.
TL;DR: This study treated obese mice induced by high-fat diet with allicin to determine its effects on fat deposition, blood metabolic parameters and intestinal morphology and used high-throughput sequencing on a MiSeq Illumina platform to determine the gut microorganisms’ species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dual role of commensal bacteria in viral infections.
TL;DR: The impact of the microbitota on viral infection promises to be a new and exciting avenue of investigation, which will ultimately lead to better treatments and preventions of virally induced disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Symbiotic and antibiotic interactions between gut commensal microbiota and host immune system.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the host-microbiota relationship has been evolved to benefit both parties and any changes that may lead to disease, are not due to unfriendly properties of the gut microbiota but due to host genetics or environmental changes such as diet or infection.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors
Marcel Margulies,Michael Egholm,William E. Altman,Said Attiya,Joel S. Bader,Lisa A. Bemben,Jan Berka,Michael S. Braverman,Yi-Ju Chen,Zhoutao Chen,Scott Dewell,Lei Du,J. M. Fierro,Xavier V. Gomes,Brian C. Godwin,Wen He,Scott Edward Helgesen,Chun Heen Ho,Gerard P. Irzyk,Szilveszter C. Jando,Maria L. I. Alenquer,Thomas P. Jarvie,Kshama B. Jirage,Jong-Bum Kim,James R. Knight,Janna R. Lanza,John H. Leamon,Steven Lefkowitz,Ming Lei,Jing Li,Kenton Lohman,Hong Lu,Vinod Makhijani,Keith Mcdade,Michael P. McKenna,Eugene W. Myers,Elizabeth Nickerson,John Nobile,Ramona Plant,Bernard P. Puc,Michael T. Ronan,George T. Roth,Gary J. Sarkis,Jan Fredrik Simons,John Simpson,Maithreyan Srinivasan,Karrie R. Tartaro,Alexander Tomasz,Kari A. Vogt,Greg A. Volkmer,Shally H. Wang,Yong Wang,Michael P. Weiner,Pengguang Yu,Richard F. Begley,Jonathan M. Rothberg +55 more
TL;DR: A scalable, highly parallel sequencing system with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art capillary electrophoresis instruments with 96% coverage at 99.96% accuracy in one run of the machine is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora.
Paul B. Eckburg,Elisabeth M. Bik,Charles N. Bernstein,Elizabeth Purdom,Les Dethlefsen,Michael Sargent,Steven R. Gill,Karen E. Nelson,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,David A. Relman +10 more
TL;DR: A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganisms, and significant intersubject variability and differences between stool and mucosa community composition were discovered.
Journal ArticleDOI
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Micah Hamady,Tanya Yatsunenko,Brandi L. Cantarel,Alexis E. Duncan,Ruth E. Ley,Mitchell L. Sogin,William J. Jones,Bruce A. Roe,Jason P. Affourtit,Michael Egholm,Bernard Henrissat,Andrew C. Heath,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +14 more
TL;DR: The faecal microbial communities of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers are characterized to address how host genotype, environmental exposure and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome.
Related Papers (5)
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more