Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Efficacy of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double blind, randomised placebo controlled study.
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the efficacy of B. coagulans Unique IS2 in reducing the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in children in the age group of 4-12 years.
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Microbiota: a novel regulator of pain
Manon Defaye,Sandie Gervason,Christophe Altier,Jean-Yves Berthon,Denis Ardid,Edith Filaire,Frederic A. Carvalho +6 more
TL;DR: The changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and their influence on painful gastrointestinal disorders are outlined and both direct host/microbiota interaction that implicates activation of “pain-sensing” neurons by metabolites, or indirect communication via immune activation is discussed.
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The Influence of Staphylococcus aureus on Gut Microbial Ecology in an In Vitro Continuous Culture Human Colonic Model System
TL;DR: An anaerobic three-stage continuous culture model of the human colon (gut model) was used to study the effect of S. aureus infection of the gut on the resident faecal microbiota and provides an initial in vitro model to analyse interactions with pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Communal living: glycan utilization by the human gut microbiota
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the current understanding of glycan utilization by the Human Gut Microbiota on three levels: molecular mechanisms of individual glycan deconstruction and uptake by key bacteria, glycan-mediated microbial interactions, and community-scale effects of dietary changes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut-on-chip: Recreating human intestine in vitro.
TL;DR: Various types of gut-on-chip systems are introduced and their applications in drug pharmacokinetics, host–gut microbiota crosstalk, and nutrition metabolism are highlighted, and challenges in this field are discussed and prospects for better understanding interactions between intestinal flora and human hosts are discussed.
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