Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Review of microplastic occurrence and toxicological effects in marine environment: Experimental evidence of inflammation
TL;DR: Experimental studies indicate histopathological evidences of size and shape dependent microplastics induced inflammation in fish, and gut microbiota alternation as an inflammation mediator in marine animal.
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Gut Microbiota Analysis Results Are Highly Dependent on the 16S rRNA Gene Target Region, Whereas the Impact of DNA Extraction Is Minor.
Anniina Rintala,Sami Pietilä,Eveliina Munukka,Erkki Eerola,Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo,Asta Laiho,Satu Pekkala,Pentti Huovinen +7 more
TL;DR: The overall effect of DNA extraction on the gut microbiota 16S rDNA profile was relatively small, whereas the16S rRNA gene target region had an immense impact on the results.
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Gut microbiota, the immune system, and diet influence the neonatal gut–brain axis
TL;DR: The anatomy and physiology of the gut–brain axis are highlighted and transmission of stress signals caused by immune-microbial dysfunction in the gut are described to suggest that intestinal microbiota can indirectly harm the brain of preterm infants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria as Fermentable Substrates by the Intestinal Microbiota
TL;DR: Although the chemical composition of these HoPS and HePS is different, both can be fermentable substrates by intestinal inhabitants and good candidates as prebiotic substrates, there are limitations for their use as additives in the food industry due to their low production yield and a lack of clinical studies demonstrating the functionality of these biopolymers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods from Feces of Multiple Host Species for Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing
TL;DR: The use of 5 common DNA extraction methods on fecal samples from 5 different species are investigated to show that the method of DNA extraction impacts DNA concentration and purity, successful NGS amplification, and influences microbial communities seen in NGS output dependent on the species of fecal sample and the DNA extraction method used.
References
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