Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Nod2: A Critical Regulator of Ileal Microbiota and Crohn's Disease.
TL;DR: Altered interactions between ileal microbiota and mucosal immunity through Nod2 mutations play significant roles in the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis in CD patients, thereby depicting NOD2 as a critical regulator of ilean microbiota and CD.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review on Role of Microbiome in Obesity and Antiobesity Properties of Probiotic Supplements
TL;DR: The literature survey revealed that the antiobese activity of probiotics might be associated with their ability to alter the intestinal microbiota, remodeling of energy metabolism, alter the expression of genes related to thermogenesis, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism,and change the parasympathetic nerve activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Galleria mellonella as a model host for microbiological and toxin research.
TL;DR: The wider applications of G. mellonella as a model host, including its susceptibility to 29 species of fungi, 7 viruses, 1 species of parasite and 16 biological toxins, are described in this perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotenoid supplementation and retinoic acid in immunoglobulin A regulation of the gut microbiota dysbiosis.
TL;DR: This review would provide a new direction for the management of the gut microbiota dysbiosis by application of bioactive carotenoids and the metabolites by reviewing and discussing the roles of retinoic acid and carotanoids in the maturation of the Gut immune system and IgA production.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review on Gut Remediation of Selected Environmental Contaminants: Possible Roles of Probiotics and Gut Microbiota
TL;DR: The current understanding of the remediation mechanisms of some probiotic bacteria and the combined effects of probiotics and gut microbiota on remediation of foodborne contaminants in vivo is summarized.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors
Marcel Margulies,Michael Egholm,William E. Altman,Said Attiya,Joel S. Bader,Lisa A. Bemben,Jan Berka,Michael S. Braverman,Yi-Ju Chen,Zhoutao Chen,Scott Dewell,Lei Du,J. M. Fierro,Xavier V. Gomes,Brian C. Godwin,Wen He,Scott Edward Helgesen,Chun Heen Ho,Gerard P. Irzyk,Szilveszter C. Jando,Maria L. I. Alenquer,Thomas P. Jarvie,Kshama B. Jirage,Jong-Bum Kim,James R. Knight,Janna R. Lanza,John H. Leamon,Steven Lefkowitz,Ming Lei,Jing Li,Kenton Lohman,Hong Lu,Vinod Makhijani,Keith Mcdade,Michael P. McKenna,Eugene W. Myers,Elizabeth Nickerson,John Nobile,Ramona Plant,Bernard P. Puc,Michael T. Ronan,George T. Roth,Gary J. Sarkis,Jan Fredrik Simons,John Simpson,Maithreyan Srinivasan,Karrie R. Tartaro,Alexander Tomasz,Kari A. Vogt,Greg A. Volkmer,Shally H. Wang,Yong Wang,Michael P. Weiner,Pengguang Yu,Richard F. Begley,Jonathan M. Rothberg +55 more
TL;DR: A scalable, highly parallel sequencing system with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art capillary electrophoresis instruments with 96% coverage at 99.96% accuracy in one run of the machine is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora.
Paul B. Eckburg,Elisabeth M. Bik,Charles N. Bernstein,Elizabeth Purdom,Les Dethlefsen,Michael Sargent,Steven R. Gill,Karen E. Nelson,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,David A. Relman +10 more
TL;DR: A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganisms, and significant intersubject variability and differences between stool and mucosa community composition were discovered.
Journal ArticleDOI
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Micah Hamady,Tanya Yatsunenko,Brandi L. Cantarel,Alexis E. Duncan,Ruth E. Ley,Mitchell L. Sogin,William J. Jones,Bruce A. Roe,Jason P. Affourtit,Michael Egholm,Bernard Henrissat,Andrew C. Heath,Rob Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +14 more
TL;DR: The faecal microbial communities of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers are characterized to address how host genotype, environmental exposure and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome.
Related Papers (5)
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more