Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
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TLDR
The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.Abstract:
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this "organ" has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mucins: A biologically relevant glycan barrier in mucosal protection
TL;DR: Mucin biology is dynamic and the processes of degradation and turnover are well integrated with biosynthesis to maintain a continuous mucosal protection against all external aggressive forces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Establishment of Intestinal Microbiota during Early Life: a Longitudinal, Explorative Study of a Large Cohort of Danish Infants
Anders Bergström,Thomas Skov,Martin Iain Bahl,Henrik Munch Roager,Line Brinch Christensen,Katrine Tschentscher Ejlerskov,Christian Mølgaard,Kim F. Michaelsen,Tine Rask Licht +8 more
TL;DR: It was found that significant changes in the gut microbiota occurred, particularly from age 9 to 18 months, when cessation of breastfeeding and introduction of a complementary feeding induce replacement of a microbiota characterized by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae with a microbiota dominated by Clostridium spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Homeostasis of the Gut Barrier and Potential Biomarkers.
Jerry M. Wells,Robert-Jan M. Brummer,Muriel Derrien,Thomas T. MacDonald,Freddy J. Troost,Patrice D. Cani,Vassilia Theodorou,Jan Dekker,Agnes Meheust,Willem M. de Vos,Annick Mercenier,Arjen Nauta,Clara Lucia Garcia-Rodenas +12 more
TL;DR: The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota Composition in Male Rat Models under Different Nutritional Status and Physical Activity and Its Association with Serum Leptin and Ghrelin Levels
María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño,Luisa M. Seoane,Mora Murri,María Pardo,J M Gómez-Zumaquero,Fernando Cardona,Felipe F. Casanueva,Francisco J. Tinahones +7 more
TL;DR: This study highlights the associations between gut microbiota and appetite-regulating hormones that may be important in terms of satiety and host metabolism and finds a significant positive correlation between the quantity of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus and serum leptin levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal microbiota, diet and health.
TL;DR: The present review provides a comprehensive, updated overview of the human gut microbiota, the factors influencing its composition and the role of probiotics as a therapeutic modality in the treatment and prevention of diseases and/or restoration of human health.
References
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