Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling.
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TLDR
FGF signaling also appears to play a role in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and autocrine FGF signaling may be particularly important in the progression of steroid hormone-dependent cancers to a hormone-independent state.Abstract:
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are small polypeptide growth factors, all of whom share in common certain structural characteristics, and most of whom bind heparin avidly. Many FGFs contain signal peptides for secretion and are secreted into the extracellular environment, where theycan bind to the heparan-like glycosaminoglycans (HLGAGs) of the extracellular matrix (ECM). From this reservoir, FGFs mayact directlyon target cells, or theycan be released through digestion of the ECM or the activityof a carrier protein, a secreted FGF binding protein. FGFs bind specific receptor tyrosine kinases in the context of HLGAGs and this binding induces receptor dimerization and activation, ultimatelyresulting in the activation of various signal transduction cascades. Some FGFs are potent angiogenic factors and most playimportant roles in embry onic development and wound healing. FGF signaling also appears to playa role in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and autocrine FGF signaling maybe particularlyimportant in the progression of steroid hormone-dependent cancers to a hormone-independent state.read more
Citations
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Evolution of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families
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Matrix metalloproteinases and angiogenesis
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Serum FGF21 Levels Are Increased in Obesity and Are Independently Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Humans
Xinmei Zhang,Dennis C.Y. Yeung,Michal Karpisek,David Stejskal,Zhiguang Zhou,Feng Liu,Rachel L.C. Wong,Wing Sun Chow,Annette W.K. Tso,Karen S.L. Lam,Aimin Xu +10 more
TL;DR: FGF21 is a novel adipokine associated with obesity-related metabolic complications in humans and the paradoxical increase of serum FGF21 in obese individuals, which may be explained by a compensatory response or resistance to FGF 21, warrants further investigation.
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Clinical application of growth factors and cytokines in wound healing.
TL;DR: Four growth factors and cytokines currently being used on and off label for the healing of wounds are discussed, including granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, platelet‐derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factors, and basic fibroblast growth factor.
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Regulation of phosphate homeostasis by PTH, vitamin D, and FGF23.
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TL;DR: In conclusion, FGF23 synergizes with PTH to increase renal phosphate excretion by reducing expression of the renal sodium-phosphate cotransporters Na Pi-IIa and NaPi-IIc in the proximal tubules.
References
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Cell surface, heparin-like molecules are required for binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to its high affinity receptor.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that free heparin and heparan sulfate can reconstitute a low affinity receptor that is, in turn, required for the high affinity binding of bFGF.
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Protein modules and signalling networks
TL;DR: This work highlights conserved protein domains that act as key regulatory participants in many of these different signalling pathways in multicellular organisms.
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Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.
TL;DR: Electron microscopic examination of the corneal neovascularization of thalidomide-treated rabbits revealed specific ultrastructural changes similar to those seen in the deformed limb bud vasculature of Thalidomid-treated embryos.
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Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family.
David M. Ornitz,Jingsong Xu,Jennifer S. Colvin,Donald G. McEwen,Craig A. MacArthur,François Coulier,Guangxia Gao,Mitchell Goldfarb +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that FGF 1 is the only FGF that can activate all FGF receptor splice variants and the relative activity of all the other members of the FGF family is determined.