S
Shaun Purcell
Researcher at Brigham and Women's Hospital
Publications - 347
Citations - 151651
Shaun Purcell is an academic researcher from Brigham and Women's Hospital. The author has contributed to research in topics: Genome-wide association study & Population. The author has an hindex of 120, co-authored 326 publications receiving 132973 citations. Previous affiliations of Shaun Purcell include Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai & University of Saint Mary.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder
Manuel A. R. Ferreira,Michael Conlon O'Donovan,Yan A Meng,Ian Jones,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Lisa Jones,Jinbo Fan,George Kirov,Roy H. Perlis,Elaine K. Green,Jordan W. Smoller,Detelina Grozeva,Jennifer Stone,Ivan Nikolov,Kimberly Chambert,Marian L. Hamshere,Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar,Valentina Moskvina,Michael E. Thase,Michael E. Thase,Sian Caesar,Gary S. Sachs,Jennifer Franklin,Katherine Gordon-Smith,Katherine Gordon-Smith,Kristin G. Ardlie,Stacey Gabriel,Christine Fraser,Brendan Blumenstiel,Matthew Defelice,Gerome Breen,Gerome Breen,Michael Gill,Derek W. Morris,Amanda Elkin,Walter J. Muir,Kevin A. McGhee,Richard Williamson,Donald J. MacIntyre,Alan W Maclean,David St Clair,Michelle Robinson,Margaret Van Beck,Ana C. Parente Pereira,Radhika Kandaswamy,Andrew McQuillin,David A. Collier,Nicholas Bass,Allan H. Young,Jacob Lawrence,I. Nicol Ferrier,Adebayo Anjorin,Anne Farmer,David Curtis,Edward M. Scolnick,Edward M. Scolnick,Peter McGuffin,Mark J. Daly,Aiden Corvin,Peter Holmans,Douglas Blackwood,Hugh Gurling,Michael John Owen,Shaun Purcell,Pamela Sklar,Nicholas John Craddock +65 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that ion channelopathies may be involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and found further support for the previously reported CACNA1C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide association of early-onset myocardial infarction with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants.
Sekar Kathiresan,Benjamin F. Voight,Shaun Purcell,Kiran Musunuru,Diego Ardissino,Pier Mannuccio Mannucci,Sonia S. Anand,James C. Engert,Nilesh J. Samani,Heribert Schunkert,Jeanette Erdmann,Muredach P. Reilly,Daniel J. Rader,Thomas M. Morgan,John A. Spertus,Monika Stoll,Domenico Girelli,Pascal P. McKeown,Christopher Patterson,David S. Siscovick,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Roberto Elosua,Leena Peltonen,Veikko Salomaa,Stephen M. Schwartz,Olle Melander,David Altshuler,Pier Angelica Merlini,Carlo Berzuini,Luisa Bernardinelli,Flora Peyvandi,Marco Tubaro,Patrizia Celli,Maurizio Ferrario,Raffaela Fetiveau,Nicola Marziliano,Giorgio Casari,Michele Galli,Flavio Ribichini,Marco Rossi,Francesco Bernardi,Pietro Zonzin,Alberto Piazza,Jean Yee,Yechiel Friedlander,Jaume Marrugat,Gavin Lucas,Isaac Subirana,Joan Sala,Rafael Ramos,James B. Meigs,Gordon H. Williams,David M. Nathan,Calum A. MacRae,Aki S. Havulinna,Göran Berglund,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Rosanna Asselta,Stefano Duga,Marta Spreafico,Mark J. Daly,James Nemesh,Joshua M. Korn,Steven A. McCarroll,Aarti Surti,Candace Guiducci,Lauren Gianniny,Daniel B. Mirel,Melissa Parkin,Noël P. Burtt,Stacey Gabriel,John R. Thompson,Peter S. Braund,Benjamin J. Wright,Anthony J. Balmforth,Stephen G. Ball,Alistair S. Hall,Patrick Linsel-Nitschke,Wolfgang Lieb,Andreas Ziegler,Inke R. König,Christian Hengstenberg,Marcus Fischer,Klaus Stark,Anika Grosshennig,Michael Preuss,H-Erich Wichmann,Stefan Schreiber,Willem H. Ouwehand,Panos Deloukas,Michael Scholz,François Cambien,Mingyao Li,Zhen Chen,Robert L. Wilensky,William H. Matthai,Atif Qasim,Hakon Hakonarson,Joe Devaney,Mary-Susan Burnett,Augusto D. Pichard,Kenneth M. Kent,Lowell F. Satler,Joseph M. Lindsay,Ron Waksman,Stephen E. Epstein,Thomas Scheffold,Klaus Berger,Andreas Huge,Nicola Martinelli,Oliviero Olivieri,Roberto Corrocher,Hilma Holm,Gudmar Thorleifsson,Unnur Thorsteinsdottir,Kari Stefansson,Ron Do,Changchun Xie,David S. Siscovick +118 more
TL;DR: SNPs at nine loci were reproducibly associated with myocardial infarction, but tests of common and rare CNVs failed to identify additional associations with my Cardiovascular Infarction risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder
Eli A. Stahl,Eli A. Stahl,Gerome Breen,Andreas J. Forstner,Andrew McQuillin,Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Vassily Trubetskoy,Manuel Mattheisen,Yunpeng Wang,Yunpeng Wang,Jonathan R. I. Coleman,Helena Gaspar,Christiaan de Leeuw,Stacy Steinberg,Jennifer M. Whitehead Pavlides,Maciej Trzaskowski,Enda M. Byrne,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Peter Holmans,Alexander Richards,Liam Abbott,Esben Agerbo,Esben Agerbo,Huda Akil,Diego Albani,Ney Alliey-Rodriguez,Thomas Damm Als,Thomas Damm Als,Adebayo Anjorin,Verneri Antilla,Swapnil Awasthi,Judith A. Badner,Marie Bækvad-Hansen,Marie Bækvad-Hansen,Jack D. Barchas,Nicholas Bass,Michael Bauer,Richard A. Belliveau,Sarah E. Bergen,Carsten Bøcker Pedersen,Carsten Bøcker Pedersen,Erlend Bøen,Marco P. Boks,James Boocock,Monika Budde,William E. Bunney,Margit Burmeister,Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm,Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm,William Byerley,Miquel Casas,Felecia Cerrato,Pablo Cervantes,Kimberly Chambert,Alexander W. Charney,Danfeng Chen,Claire Churchhouse,Claire Churchhouse,Toni-Kim Clarke,William Coryell,David Craig,Cristiana Cruceanu,Cristiana Cruceanu,David Curtis,David Curtis,Piotr M. Czerski,Anders M. Dale,Simone de Jong,Franziska Degenhardt,Jurgen Del-Favero,J. Raymond DePaulo,Srdjan Djurovic,Srdjan Djurovic,Amanda Dobbyn,Ashley Dumont,Torbjørn Elvsåshagen,Valentina Escott-Price,Chun Chieh Fan,Sascha B. Fischer,Sascha B. Fischer,Matthew Flickinger,Tatiana Foroud,Liz Forty,Josef Frank,Christine Fraser,Nelson B. Freimer,Louise Frisén,Katrin Gade,Katrin Gade,Diane Gage,Julie Garnham,Claudia Giambartolomei,Marianne Giørtz Pedersen,Marianne Giørtz Pedersen,Jaqueline Goldstein,Scott D. Gordon,Katherine Gordon-Smith,Elaine K. Green,Melissa J. Green,Melissa J. Green,Tiffany A. Greenwood,Jakob Grove,Weihua Guan,Jose Guzman-Parra,Marian L. Hamshere,Martin Hautzinger,Urs Heilbronner,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Maria Hipolito,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,Dominic Holland,Laura M. Huckins,Stéphane Jamain,Stéphane Jamain,Jessica S. Johnson,Anders Juréus,Radhika Kandaswamy,Robert Karlsson,James L. Kennedy,Sarah Kittel-Schneider,James A. Knowles,Manolis Kogevinas,Anna C. Koller,Ralph W. Kupka,Catharina Lavebratt,Jacob Lawrence,William Lawson,Markus Leber,Phil Lee,Phil Lee,Shawn Levy,Jun Li,Chunyu Liu,Susanne Lucae,Anna Maaser,Donald J. MacIntyre,Pamela B. Mahon,Pamela B. Mahon,Wolfgang Maier,Lina Martinsson,Steve McCarroll,Steve McCarroll,Peter McGuffin,Melvin G. McInnis,James McKay,Helena Medeiros,Sarah E. Medland,Fan Meng,Fan Meng,Lili Milani,Grant W. Montgomery,Derek W. Morris,Derek W. Morris,Thomas W. Mühleisen,Thomas W. Mühleisen,Niamh Mullins,Hoang T. Nguyen,Caroline M. Nievergelt,Caroline M. Nievergelt,Annelie Nordin Adolfsson,Evaristus A. Nwulia,Claire O'Donovan,Loes M. Olde Loohuis,Anil P.S. Ori,Lilijana Oruc,Urban Ösby,Roy H. Perlis,Amy Perry,Andrea Pfennig,James B. Potash,Shaun Purcell,Shaun Purcell,Eline J. Regeer,Andreas Reif,Céline S. Reinbold,Céline S. Reinbold,John P. Rice,Fabio Rivas,Margarita Rivera,Margarita Rivera,Panos Roussos,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Euijung Ryu,Cristina Sánchez-Mora,Cristina Sánchez-Mora,Alan F. Schatzberg,William A. Scheftner,Nicholas J. Schork,Cynthia Shannon Weickert,Cynthia Shannon Weickert,Tatyana Shehktman,Paul D. Shilling,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Claire Slaney,Olav B. Smeland,Olav B. Smeland,Janet L. Sobell,Christine Søholm Hansen,Christine Søholm Hansen,Anne T. Spijker,David St Clair,Michael Steffens,John Strauss,John Strauss,Fabian Streit,Jana Strohmaier,Szabolcs Szelinger,Robert C. Thompson,Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson,Jens Treutlein,Helmut Vedder,Weiqing Wang,Stanley J. Watson,Thomas W. Weickert,Thomas W. Weickert,Stephanie H. Witt,Simon Xi,Wei Xu,Wei Xu,Allan H. Young,Peter P. Zandi,Peng Zhang,Sebastian Zöllner,Rolf Adolfsson,Ingrid Agartz,Ingrid Agartz,Martin Alda,Martin Alda,Lena Backlund,Bernhard T. Baune,Bernhard T. Baune,Frank Bellivier,Wade H. Berrettini,Joanna M. Biernacka,Douglas Blackwood,Michael Boehnke,Anders D. Børglum,Anders D. Børglum,Aiden Corvin,Nicholas John Craddock,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Udo Dannlowski,Tõnu Esko,Bruno Etain,Mark A. Frye,Janice M. Fullerton,Janice M. Fullerton,Elliot S. Gershon,Michael Gill,Fernando S. Goes,Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu,Joanna Hauser,David M. Hougaard,David M. Hougaard,Christina M. Hultman,Ian Jones,Lisa Jones,René S. Kahn,George Kirov,Mikael Landén,Mikael Landén,Marion Leboyer,Marion Leboyer,Cathryn M. Lewis,Qingqin S. Li,Jolanta Lissowska,Nicholas G. Martin,Nicholas G. Martin,Fermín Mayoral,Susan L. McElroy,Andrew M. McIntosh,Francis J. McMahon,Ingrid Melle,Andres Metspalu,Philip B. Mitchell,Gunnar Morken,Ole Mors,Ole Mors,Preben Bo Mortensen,Preben Bo Mortensen,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Richard M. Myers,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar,Merete Nordentoft,Merete Nordentoft,Markus M. Nöthen,Michael Conlon O'Donovan,Ketil J. Oedegaard,Michael John Owen,Sara A. Paciga,Carlos N. Pato,Michele T. Pato,Danielle Posthuma,Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga,Marta Ribasés,Marta Ribasés,Marcella Rietschel,Guy A. Rouleau,Guy A. Rouleau,Martin Schalling,Peter R. Schofield,Peter R. Schofield,Thomas G. Schulze,Alessandro Serretti,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller,Hreinn Stefansson,Kari Stefansson,Kari Stefansson,Eystein Stordal,Patrick F. Sullivan,Patrick F. Sullivan,Gustavo Turecki,Arne E. Vaaler,Eduard Vieta,John B. Vincent,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,John I. Nurnberger,Naomi R. Wray,Arianna Di Florio,Arianna Di Florio,Howard J. Edenberg,Sven Cichon,Roel A. Ophoff,Laura J. Scott,Ole A. Andreassen,Ole A. Andreassen,John R. Kelsoe,Pamela Sklar,Pamela Sklar +342 more
TL;DR: Genome-wide analysis identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder, allowing for comparisons of shared genes and pathways with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores
Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson,Jian Yang,Hilary K. Finucane,Alexander Gusev,Sara Lindström,Stephan Ripke,Giulio Genovese,Po-Ru Loh,Gaurav Bhatia,Ron Do,Tristan J. Hayeck,Hong-Hee Won,Benjamin M. Neale,Aiden Corvin,James T.R. Walters,Kai How Farh,Peter Holmans,Phil Lee,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,David A. Collier,Hailiang Huang,Tune H. Pers,Ingrid Agartz,E. Agerbo,Margot Albus,Madeline Alexander,Farooq Amin,Silviu Alin Bacanu,Martin Begemann,Richard A. Belliveau,Judit Bene,Sarah E. Bergen,Elizabeth Bevilacqua,Tim B. Bigdeli,Donald W. Black,Richard Bruggeman,Nancy G. Buccola,Randy L. Buckner,William Byerley,Wiepke Cahn,Guiqing Cai,Dominique Campion,Rita M. Cantor,Vaughan J. Carr,Noa Carrera,Stanley V. Catts,Kimberly Chambert,Raymond C.K. Chan,Ronald Y.L. Chen,Eric Y.H. Chen,Wei Cheng,Eric F. C. Cheung,Siow Ann Chong,C. Robert Cloninger,David Cohen,Nadine Cohen,Paul Cormican,Nicholas John Craddock,James J. Crowley,David Curtis,Michael Davidson,Kenneth L. Davis,Franziska Degenhardt,Jurgen Del Favero,Lynn E. DeLisi,Ditte Demontis,Dimitris Dikeos,Timothy G. Dinan,Srdjan Djurovic,Gary Donohoe,Elodie Drapeau,Jubao Duan,Frank Dudbridge,Naser Durmishi,Peter Eichhammer,Johan G. Eriksson,Valentina Escott-Price,Laurent Essioux,Ayman H. Fanous,Martilias S. Farrell,Josef Frank,Lude Franke,Robert Freedman,Nelson B. Freimer,Marion Friedl,Joseph I. Friedman,Menachem Fromer,Lyudmila Georgieva,Elliot S. Gershon,Ina Giegling,Paola Giusti-Rodrguez,Stephanie Godard,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Vera Golimbet,Srihari Gopal,Jacob Gratten,Jakob Grove,Lieuwe de Haan,Christian Hammer,Marian L. Hamshere,Mark Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Vahram Haroutunian,Annette M. Hartmann,Frans Henskens,Stefan Herms,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Per Hoffmann,A. Hofman,Mads V. Hollegaard,David M. Hougaard,Masashi Ikeda,Inge Joa,Antonio Julià,René S. Kahn,Luba Kalaydjieva,Sena Karachanak-Yankova,Juha Karjalainen,David J. Kavanagh,Matthew C. Keller,Brian Kelly,James L. Kennedy,Andrey Khrunin,Yunjung Kim,Janis Klovins,James A. Knowles,Bettina Konte,Vaidutis Kučinskas,Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene,Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova,Anna K. Kähler,Claudine Laurent,Jimmy Lee Chee Keong,S. Hong Lee,Sophie E. Legge,Bernard Lerer,Miaoxin Li,Tao Li,Kung Yee Liang,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Svetlana A. Limborska,Carmel M. Loughland,Jan Lubinski,Jouko K. Lnnqvist,Milan Macek,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Brion S. Maher,Wolfgang Maier,Jacques Mallet,Sara Marsal,Manuel Mattheisen,Morten Mattingsdal,Robert W. McCarley,Colm McDonald,Andrew M. McIntosh,Sandra Meier,Carin J. Meijer,Béla Melegh,Ingrid Melle,Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately,Andres Metspalu,Patricia T. Michie,Lili Milani,Vihra Milanova,Younes Mokrab,Derek W. Morris,Ole Mors,Preben Bo Mortensen,Kieran C. Murphy,Robin M. Murray,Inez Myin-Germeys,Bertram Mller-Myhsok,Mari Nelis,Igor Nenadic,Deborah A. Nertney,Gerald Nestadt,Kristin K. Nicodemus,Liene Nikitina-Zake,Laura Nisenbaum,Annelie Nordin,Eadbhard O'Callaghan,Colm O'Dushlaine,F. Anthony O'Neill,Sang Yun Oh,Ann Olincy,Line Olsen,Jim van Os,Christos Pantelis,George N. Papadimitriou,Sergi Papiol,Elena Parkhomenko,Michele T. Pato,Tiina Paunio,Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic,Diana O. Perkins,Olli Pietilinen,Jonathan Pimm,Andrew Pocklington,John Powell,Alkes Price,Ann E. Pulver,Shaun Purcell,Digby Quested,Henrik B. Rasmussen,Abraham Reichenberg,Mark Reimers,Alexander Richards,Joshua L. Roffman,Panos Roussos,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Veikko Salomaa,Alan R. Sanders,Ulrich Schall,Christian Schubert,Thomas G. Schulze,Sibylle G. Schwab,Edward M. Scolnick,Rodney J. Scott,Larry J. Seidman,Jianxin Shi,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Teimuraz Silagadze,Jeremy M. Silverman,Kang Sim,Petr Slominsky,Jordan W. Smoller,Hon-Cheong So,Chris C. A. Spencer,Eli A. Stahl,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Elisabeth Stögmann,Richard E. Straub,Eric Strengman,Jana Strohmaier,T. Scott Stroup,Mythily Subramaniam,Jaana Suvisaari,Dragan M. Svrakic,Jin P. Szatkiewicz,Erik Sderman,Srinivas Thirumalai,Draga Toncheva,Paul A. Tooney,Sarah Tosato,Juha Veijola,John L. Waddington,Dermot Walsh,Dai Wang,Qiang Wang,Bradley T. Webb,Mark Weiser,Dieter B. Wildenauer,Nigel Williams,Stephanie Williams,Stephanie H. Witt,Aaron R. Wolen,Emily H. M. Wong,Brandon Wormley,Jing Qin Wu,Hualin Simon Xi,Clement C. Zai,Xuebin Zheng,Fritz Zimprich,Naomi R. Wray,Kari Stefansson,Peter M. Visscher,Rolf Adolfsson,Ole A. Andreassen,Douglas Blackwood,Elvira Bramon,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Anders D. Børglum,Sven Cichon,Ariel Darvasi,Enrico Domenici,Hannelore Ehrenreich,Tõnu Esko,Pablo V. Gejman,Michael Gill,Hugh Gurling,Christina M. Hultman,Nakao Iwata,Assen Jablensky,Erik G. Jönsson,Kenneth S. Kendler,George Kirov,Jo Knight,Todd Lencz,Douglas F. Levinson,Qingqin S. Li,Jianjun Liu,Anil K. Malhotra,Steven A. McCarroll,Andrew McQuillin,Jennifer L. Moran,Bryan J. Mowry,Markus M. Nthen,Roel A. Ophoff,Michael John Owen,A. Palotie,Carlos N. Pato,Tracey L. Petryshen,Danielle Posthuma,Marcella Rietschel,Brien P. Riley,Dan Rujescu,Pak C. Sham,Pamela Sklar,David St Clair,Daniel R. Weinberger,Jens R. Wendland,Thomas Werge,Mark J. Daly,Patrick F. Sullivan,Michael Conlon O'Donovan,Peter Kraft,David J. Hunter,Muriel A. Adank,Habibul Ahsan,Kristiina Aittomäki,Laura Baglietto,Sonja I. Berndt,Carl Blomquist,Federico Canzian,Jenny Chang-Claude,Stephen J. Chanock,Laura Crisponi,Kamila Czene,Norbert Dahmen,Isabel dos Santos Silva,Douglas F. Easton,A. Heather Eliassen,Jonine D. Figueroa,Olivia Fletcher,Montserrat Garcia-Closas,Mia M. Gaudet,Lorna Gibson,Christopher A. Haiman,Per Hall,Aditi Hazra,Rebecca Hein,Brian E. Henderson,Albert Hofman,John L. Hopper,Astrid Irwanto,Mattias Johansson,Rudolf Kaaks,Muhammad G. Kibriya,Peter Lichtner,Eiliv Lund,Enes Makalic,Alfons Meindl,Hanne Meijers-Heijboer,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Taru A. Muranen,Heli Nevanlinna,Petra H.M. Peeters,Julian Peto,Ross L. Prentice,Nazneen Rahman,María José Sánchez,Daniel F. Schmidt,Rita K. Schmutzler,Melissa C. Southey,Rulla M. Tamimi,Ruth C. Travis,Clare Turnbull,André G. Uitterlinden,Rob B. van der Luijt,Quinten Waisfisz,Zhaoming Wang,Alice S. Whittemore,Rose Yang,Wei Zheng,Wei Zheng,Sekar Kathiresan,Michele T. Pato,Carlos N. Pato,E Stahl,Noah Zaitlen,Bogdan Pasaniuc,Gillian M. Belbin,Eimear E. Kenny,Mikkel H. Schierup,Phillip L. De Jager,Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos,Steve McCarroll,Mark J. Daly,Shaun M. Purcell,Daniel I. Chasman,Benjamin M. Neale,Michael E. Goddard,Nick Patterson,Alkes L. Price +394 more
TL;DR: LDpred is introduced, a method that infers the posterior mean effect size of each marker by using a prior on effect sizes and LD information from an external reference panel, and outperforms the approach of pruning followed by thresholding, particularly at large sample sizes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A framework for the interpretation of de novo mutation in human disease
Kaitlin E. Samocha,Elise B. Robinson,Stephen Sanders,Christine Stevens,Aniko Sabo,Lauren M. McGrath,Jack A. Kosmicki,Karola Rehnström,Swapan Mallick,Andrew Kirby,Dennis P. Wall,Daniel G. MacArthur,Daniel G. MacArthur,Stacey Gabriel,Mark A. DePristo,Shaun Purcell,Shaun Purcell,Shaun Purcell,Aarno Palotie,Eric Boerwinkle,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Edwin H. Cook,Richard A. Gibbs,Gerard D. Schellenberg,James S. Sutcliffe,Bernie Devlin,Kathryn Roeder,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly +30 more
TL;DR: This model is used to identify ∼1,000 genes that are significantly lacking in functional coding variation in non-ASD samples and are enriched for de novo loss-of-function mutations identified in ASD cases, suggesting that the role of de noVO mutations in ASDs might reside in fundamental neurodevelopmental processes.