Telomere-to-telomere assembly of a complete human X chromosome
Karen H. Miga,Sergey Koren,Arang Rhie,Mitchell R. Vollger,Ariel Gershman,Andrey Bzikadze,Shelise Brooks,Edmund Howe,David Porubsky,Glennis A. Logsdon,Valerie A. Schneider,Tamara A. Potapova,Jonathan Wood,William Chow,Joel Armstrong,Jeanne Fredrickson,Evgenia Pak,Kristof Tigyi,Milinn Kremitzki,Christopher Markovic,Valerie Maduro,Amalia Dutra,Gerard G. Bouffard,Alexander M. Chang,Nancy F. Hansen,Amy B. Wilfert,Françoise Thibaud-Nissen,Anthony D. Schmitt,Jon Matthew Belton,Siddarth Selvaraj,Megan Y. Dennis,Daniela C. Soto,Ruta Sahasrabudhe,Gulhan Kaya,Josh Quick,Nicholas J. Loman,Nadine Holmes,Matthew Loose,Urvashi Surti,Rosa Ana Risques,Tina A. Graves Lindsay,Robert S. Fulton,Ira M. Hall,Benedict Paten,Kerstin Howe,Winston Timp,Alice Young,James C. Mullikin,Pavel A. Pevzner,Jennifer L. Gerton,Beth A. Sullivan,Evan E. Eichler,Adam M. Phillippy +52 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
High-coverage, ultra-long-read nanopore sequencing is used to create a new human genome assembly that improves on the coverage and accuracy of the current reference (GRCh38) and includes the gap-free, telomere-to-telomere sequence of the X chromosome.Abstract:
After two decades of improvements, the current human reference genome (GRCh38) is the most accurate and complete vertebrate genome ever produced. However, no single chromosome has been finished end to end, and hundreds of unresolved gaps persist1,2. Here we present a human genome assembly that surpasses the continuity of GRCh382, along with a gapless, telomere-to-telomere assembly of a human chromosome. This was enabled by high-coverage, ultra-long-read nanopore sequencing of the complete hydatidiform mole CHM13 genome, combined with complementary technologies for quality improvement and validation. Focusing our efforts on the human X chromosome3, we reconstructed the centromeric satellite DNA array (approximately 3.1 Mb) and closed the 29 remaining gaps in the current reference, including new sequences from the human pseudoautosomal regions and from cancer-testis ampliconic gene families (CT-X and GAGE). These sequences will be integrated into future human reference genome releases. In addition, the complete chromosome X, combined with the ultra-long nanopore data, allowed us to map methylation patterns across complex tandem repeats and satellite arrays. Our results demonstrate that finishing the entire human genome is now within reach, and the data presented here will facilitate ongoing efforts to complete the other human chromosomes. High-coverage, ultra-long-read nanopore sequencing is used to create a new human genome assembly that improves on the coverage and accuracy of the current reference (GRCh38) and includes the gap-free, telomere-to-telomere sequence of the X chromosome.read more
Citations
More filters
Integrative Genomics Viewer
James T. Robinson,Helga Thorvaldsdottir,Wendy Winckler,Mitchell Guttman,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Gad Getz,Jill P. Mesirov +7 more
TL;DR: The sheer volume and scope of data posed by this flood of data pose a significant challenge to the development of efficient and intuitive visualization tools able to scale to very large data sets and to flexibly integrate multiple data types, including clinical data.
Journal ArticleDOI
The complete sequence of a human genome
Sergey Koren,Sergey Nurk,Mikko Rautiainen,B Ren,Weijun Zhu,Richard Lawless,Саидмуродов Мамур Таирович +6 more
TL;DR: The T2T-CHM13-T2T Consortium presented a complete 3.055 billion-base pair sequence of a human genome, including gapless assemblies for all chromosomes except Y, corrected errors in the prior references, and introduced nearly 200 million base pairs of sequence containing gene predictions, 99 of which are predicted to be protein coding as discussed by the authors .
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species
Arang Rhie,Shane A. McCarthy,Shane A. McCarthy,Olivier Fedrigo,Joana Damas,Giulio Formenti,Sergey Koren,Marcela Uliano-Silva,William Chow,Arkarachai Fungtammasan,J. H. Kim,Chul Hee Lee,Byung June Ko,Mark Chaisson,Gregory Gedman,Lindsey J. Cantin,Françoise Thibaud-Nissen,Leanne Haggerty,Iliana Bista,Iliana Bista,Michelle Smith,Bettina Haase,Jacquelyn Mountcastle,Sylke Winkler,Sylke Winkler,Sadye Paez,Jason T. Howard,Sonja C. Vernes,Sonja C. Vernes,Sonja C. Vernes,Tanya M. Lama,Frank Grützner,Wesley C. Warren,Christopher N. Balakrishnan,Dave W Burt,Jimin George,Matthew T. Biegler,David Iorns,Andrew Digby,Daryl Eason,Bruce C. Robertson,Taylor Edwards,Mark Wilkinson,George F. Turner,Axel Meyer,Andreas F. Kautt,Andreas F. Kautt,Paolo Franchini,H. William Detrich,Hannes Svardal,Hannes Svardal,Maximilian Wagner,Gavin J. P. Naylor,Martin Pippel,Milan Malinsky,Milan Malinsky,Mark Mooney,Maria Simbirsky,Brett T. Hannigan,Trevor Pesout,Marlys L. Houck,Ann C Misuraca,Sarah B. Kingan,Richard Hall,Zev N. Kronenberg,Ivan Sović,Christopher Dunn,Zemin Ning,Alex Hastie,Joyce V. Lee,Siddarth Selvaraj,Richard E. Green,Nicholas H. Putnam,Ivo Gut,Jay Ghurye,Erik Garrison,Ying Sims,Joanna Collins,Sarah Pelan,James Torrance,Alan Tracey,Jonathan Wood,Robel E. Dagnew,Dengfeng Guan,Dengfeng Guan,Sarah E. London,David F. Clayton,Claudio V. Mello,Samantha R. Friedrich,Peter V. Lovell,Ekaterina Osipova,Farooq O. Al-Ajli,Farooq O. Al-Ajli,Simona Secomandi,Heebal Kim,Constantina Theofanopoulou,Michael Hiller,Yang Zhou,Robert S. Harris,Kateryna D. Makova,Paul Medvedev,Jinna Hoffman,Patrick Masterson,Karen Clark,Fergal J. Martin,Kevin L. Howe,Paul Flicek,Brian P. Walenz,Woori Kwak,Hiram Clawson,Mark Diekhans,Luis R Nassar,Benedict Paten,Robert H. S. Kraus,Robert H. S. Kraus,Andrew J. Crawford,M. Thomas P. Gilbert,M. Thomas P. Gilbert,Guojie Zhang,Byrappa Venkatesh,Robert W. Murphy,Klaus-Peter Koepfli,Beth Shapiro,Beth Shapiro,Warren E. Johnson,Warren E. Johnson,Federica Di Palma,Tomas Marques-Bonet,Emma C. Teeling,Tandy Warnow,Jennifer A. Marshall Graves,Oliver A. Ryder,Oliver A. Ryder,David Haussler,Stephen J. O'Brien,Jonas Korlach,Harris A. Lewin,Kerstin Howe,Eugene W. Myers,Eugene W. Myers,Richard Durbin,Richard Durbin,Adam M. Phillippy,Erich D. Jarvis,Erich D. Jarvis +144 more
TL;DR: The Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) as mentioned in this paper is an international effort to generate high quality, complete reference genomes for all of the roughly 70,000 extant vertebrate species and to help to enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Merqury: reference-free quality, completeness, and phasing assessment for genome assemblies
TL;DR: This work presents Merqury, a novel tool for reference-free assembly evaluation based on efficient k-mer set operations, and demonstrates on both human and plant genomes that it is a fast and robust method for assembly validation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-read human genome sequencing and its applications.
TL;DR: The currently available platforms, how the technologies are being applied to assemble and phase human genomes, and their impact on improving the authors' understanding of human genetic variation are discussed.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform
Heng Li,Richard Durbin +1 more
TL;DR: Burrows-Wheeler Alignment tool (BWA) is implemented, a new read alignment package that is based on backward search with Burrows–Wheeler Transform (BWT), to efficiently align short sequencing reads against a large reference sequence such as the human genome, allowing mismatches and gaps.
Journal ArticleDOI
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.
Eric S. Lander,Lauren Linton,Bruce W. Birren,Chad Nusbaum,Michael C. Zody,Jennifer Baldwin,Keri Devon,Ken Dewar,Michael Doyle,William Fitzhugh,Roel Funke,Diane Gage,Katrina Harris,Andrew Heaford,John Howland,Lisa Kann,Jessica A. Lehoczky,Rosie Levine,Paul A. McEwan,Kevin McKernan,James Meldrim,Jill P. Mesirov,Cher Miranda,William Morris,Jerome Naylor,Christina Raymond,Mark Rosetti,Ralph Santos,Andrew Sheridan,Carrie Sougnez,Nicole Stange-Thomann,Nikola Stojanovic,Aravind Subramanian,Dudley Wyman,Jane Rogers,John Sulston,R Ainscough,Stephan Beck,David Bentley,John Burton,C M Clee,Nigel P. Carter,Alan Coulson,Rebecca Deadman,Panos Deloukas,Andrew Dunham,Ian Dunham,Richard Durbin,Lisa French,Darren Grafham,Simon G. Gregory,Tim Hubbard,Sean Humphray,Adrienne Hunt,Matthew Jones,Christine Lloyd,Amanda McMurray,Lucy Matthews,Simon Mercer,Sarah Milne,James C. Mullikin,Andrew J. Mungall,Robert W. Plumb,Mark T. Ross,Ratna Shownkeen,Sarah Sims,Robert H. Waterston,Richard K. Wilson,LaDeana W. Hillier,John Douglas Mcpherson,Marco A. Marra,Elaine R. Mardis,Lucinda Fulton,Asif T. Chinwalla,Kymberlie H. Pepin,Warren Gish,Stephanie L. Chissoe,Michael C. Wendl,Kim D. Delehaunty,Tracie L. Miner,Andrew Delehaunty,Jason B. Kramer,Lisa Cook,Robert S. Fulton,Douglas L. Johnson,Patrick Minx,Sandra W. Clifton,Trevor Hawkins,Elbert Branscomb,Paul Predki,Paul G. Richardson,Sarah Wenning,Tom Slezak,Norman A. Doggett,Jan Fang Cheng,Anne S. Olsen,Susan Lucas,Christopher J. Elkin,Edward Uberbacher,Marvin Frazier,Richard A. Gibbs,Donna M. Muzny,Steven E. Scherer,John Bouck,Erica Sodergren,Kim C. Worley,Catherine M. Rives,James H. Gorrell,Michael L. Metzker,Susan L. Naylor,Raju Kucherlapati,David L. Nelson,George M. Weinstock,Yoshiyuki Sakaki,Asao Fujiyama,Masahira Hattori,Tetsushi Yada,Atsushi Toyoda,Takehiko Itoh,Chiharu Kawagoe,Hidemi Watanabe,Yasushi Totoki,Todd D. Taylor,Jean Weissenbach,Roland Heilig,William Saurin,François Artiguenave,Philippe Brottier,Thomas Brüls,Eric Pelletier,Catherine Robert,Patrick Wincker,André Rosenthal,Matthias Platzer,Gerald Nyakatura,Stefan Taudien,Andreas Rump,Douglas R. Smith,Lynn Doucette-Stamm,Marc Rubenfield,Keith Weinstock,Mei Lee Hong,Joann Dubois,Huanming Yang,Jun Yu,Jian Wang,Guyang Huang,Jun Gu,Leroy Hood,Lee Rowen,Anup Madan,Shizen Qin,Ronald W. Davis,Nancy A. Federspiel,A. Pia Abola,Michael Proctor,Bruce A. Roe,Feng Chen,Huaqin Pan,Juliane Ramser,Hans Lehrach,Richard Reinhardt,W. Richard McCombie,Melissa De La Bastide,Neilay Dedhia,H. Blöcker,K. Hornischer,Gabriele Nordsiek,Richa Agarwala,L. Aravind,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Alex Bateman,Serafim Batzoglou,Ewan Birney,Peer Bork,Daniel G. Brown,Christopher B. Burge,Lorenzo Cerutti,Hsiu Chuan Chen,Deanna M. Church,Michele Clamp,Richard R. Copley,Tobias Doerks,Sean R. Eddy,Evan E. Eichler,Terrence S. Furey,James E. Galagan,James G. R. Gilbert,Cyrus L. Harmon,Yoshihide Hayashizaki,David Haussler,Henning Hermjakob,Karsten Hokamp,Wonhee Jang,L. Steven Johnson,Thomas A. Jones,Simon Kasif,Arek Kaspryzk,Scot Kennedy,W. James Kent,Paul Kitts,Eugene V. Koonin,Ian F Korf,David Kulp,Doron Lancet,Todd M. Lowe,Aoife McLysaght,Tarjei S. Mikkelsen,John V. Moran,Nicola Mulder,Victor J. Pollara,Chris P. Ponting,Greg Schuler,Jörg Schultz,Guy Slater,Arian F.A. Smit,Elia Stupka,Joseph Szustakowki,Danielle Thierry-Mieg,Jean Thierry-Mieg,Lukas Wagner,John W. Wallis,Raymond Wheeler,Alan Williams,Yuri I. Wolf,Kenneth H. Wolfe,Shiaw Pyng Yang,Ru Fang Yeh,Francis S. Collins,Mark S. Guyer,Jane Peterson,Adam Felsenfeld,Kris A. Wetterstrand,Richard M. Myers,Jeremy Schmutz,Mark Dickson,Jane Grimwood,David R. Cox,Maynard V. Olson,Rajinder Kaul,Christopher K. Raymond,Nobuyoshi Shimizu,Kazuhiko Kawasaki,Shinsei Minoshima,Glen A. Evans,Maria Athanasiou,Roger A. Schultz,Aristides Patrinos,Michael J. Morgan +248 more
TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global reference for human genetic variation.
Adam Auton,Gonçalo R. Abecasis,David Altshuler,Richard Durbin,David R. Bentley,Aravinda Chakravarti,Andrew G. Clark,Peter Donnelly,Evan E. Eichler,Paul Flicek,Stacey Gabriel,Richard A. Gibbs,Eric D. Green,Matthew E. Hurles,Bartha Maria Knoppers,Jan O. Korbel,Eric S. Lander,Charles Lee,Hans Lehrach,Elaine R. Mardis,Gabor T. Marth,Gil McVean,Deborah A. Nickerson,Jeanette Schmidt,Stephen T. Sherry,Jun Wang,Richard K. Wilson,Eric Boerwinkle,Harsha Doddapaneni,Yi Han,Viktoriya Korchina,Christie Kovar,Sandra L. Lee,Donna M. Muzny,Jeffrey G. Reid,Yiming Zhu,Yuqi Chang,Qiang Feng,Qiang Feng,Xiaodong Fang,Xiaodong Fang,Xiaosen Guo,Xiaosen Guo,Min Jian,Min Jian,Hui Jiang,Hui Jiang,Xin Jin,Tianming Lan,Guoqing Li,Jingxiang Li,Yingrui Li,Shengmao Liu,Xiao Liu,Xiao Liu,Yao Lu,Xuedi Ma,Meifang Tang,Bo Wang,Guangbiao Wang,Honglong Wu,Renhua Wu,Xun Xu,Ye Yin,Dandan Zhang,Wenwei Zhang,Jiao Zhao,Meiru Zhao,Xiaole Zheng,Namrata Gupta,Neda Gharani,Lorraine Toji,Norman P. Gerry,Alissa M. Resch,Jonathan Barker,Laura Clarke,Laurent Gil,Sarah E. Hunt,Gavin Kelman,Eugene Kulesha,Rasko Leinonen,William M. McLaren,Rajesh Radhakrishnan,Asier Roa,Dmitriy Smirnov,Richard Smith,Ian Streeter,Anja Thormann,Iliana Toneva,Brendan Vaughan,Xiangqun Zheng-Bradley,Russell J. Grocock,Sean Humphray,Terena James,Zoya Kingsbury,Ralf Sudbrak,M. Albrecht,Vyacheslav Amstislavskiy,Tatiana A. Borodina,Matthias Lienhard,Florian Mertes,Marc Sultan,Bernd Timmermann,Marie-Laure Yaspo,Lucinda Fulton,Victor Ananiev,Zinaida Belaia,Dimitriy Beloslyudtsev,Nathan Bouk,Chao Chen,Deanna M. Church,Robert M. Cohen,Charles Cook,John Garner,Timothy Hefferon,Mikhail Kimelman,Chunlei Liu,John Lopez,Peter Meric,Chris O’Sullivan,Yuri Ostapchuk,Lon Phan,Sergiy Ponomarov,Valerie A. Schneider,Eugene Shekhtman,Karl Sirotkin,Douglas J. Slotta,Hua Zhang,Senduran Balasubramaniam,John Burton,Petr Danecek,Thomas M. Keane,Anja Kolb-Kokocinski,Shane A. McCarthy,James Stalker,Michael A. Quail,Christopher Davies,Jeremy Gollub,Teresa Webster,Brant Wong,Yiping Zhan,Christopher L. Campbell,Yu Kong,Anthony Marcketta,Fuli Yu,Lilian Antunes,Matthew N. Bainbridge,Aniko Sabo,Zhuoyi Huang,Lachlan J. M. Coin,Lin Fang,Lin Fang,Qibin Li,Zhenyu Li,Haoxiang Lin,Binghang Liu,Ruibang Luo,Haojing Shao,Haojing Shao,Yinlong Xie,Chen Ye,Chang Yu,Fan Zhang,Hancheng Zheng,Zhu Hongmei,Can Alkan,Elif Dal,Fatma Kahveci,Erik Garrison,Deniz Kural,Wan-Ping Lee,Wen Fung Leong,Michael Strömberg,Alistair Ward,Jiantao Wu,Mengyao Zhang,Mark J. Daly,Mark A. DePristo,Robert E. Handsaker,Robert E. Handsaker,Eric Banks,Gaurav Bhatia,Guillermo del Angel,Giulio Genovese,Heng Li,Seva Kashin,Seva Kashin,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,James Nemesh,Ryan Poplin,Seungtai Yoon,Jayon Lihm,Vladimir Makarov,Srikanth Gottipati,Alon Keinan,Juan L. Rodriguez-Flores,Tobias Rausch,Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz,Adrian M. Stütz,Kathryn Beal,Avik Datta,Javier Herrero,Graham R. S. Ritchie,Daniel R. Zerbino,Pardis C. Sabeti,Pardis C. Sabeti,Ilya Shlyakhter,Ilya Shlyakhter,Stephen F. Schaffner,Stephen F. Schaffner,Joseph J. Vitti,Joseph J. Vitti,David Neil Cooper,Edward V. Ball,Peter D. Stenson,Bret Barnes,Markus J. Bauer,R. Keira Cheetham,Anthony J. Cox,Michael A. Eberle,Scott Kahn,Lisa Murray,John F. Peden,Richard Shaw,Eimear E. Kenny,Mark A. Batzer,Miriam K. Konkel,Jerilyn A. Walker,Daniel G. MacArthur,Monkol Lek,Ralf Herwig,Li Ding,Daniel C. Koboldt,David E. Larson,Kai Ye,Simon Gravel,Anand Swaroop,Emily Y. Chew,Tuuli Lappalainen,Yaniv Erlich,Melissa Gymrek,Melissa Gymrek,Thomas Willems,Jared T. Simpson,Mark D. Shriver,Jeffrey A. Rosenfeld,Carlos Bustamante,Stephen B. Montgomery,Francisco M. De La Vega,Jake K. Byrnes,Andrew Carroll,Marianne K. DeGorter,Phil Lacroute,Brian K. Maples,Alicia R. Martin,Andrés Moreno-Estrada,Andrés Moreno-Estrada,Suyash Shringarpure,Fouad Zakharia,Eran Halperin,Eran Halperin,Yael Baran,Eliza Cerveira,Jaeho Hwang,Ankit Malhotra,Dariusz Plewczynski,Kamen Radew,Mallory Romanovitch,Chengsheng Zhang,Fiona Hyland,David Craig,Alexis Christoforides,Nils Homer,Tyler Izatt,Ahmet Kurdoglu,Shripad Sinari,Kevin Squire,Chunlin Xiao,Jonathan Sebat,Danny Antaki,Madhusudan Gujral,Amina Noor,Kenny Ye,Esteban G. Burchard,Ryan D. Hernandez,Christopher R. Gignoux,David Haussler,David Haussler,Sol Katzman,W. James Kent,Bryan Howie,Andres Ruiz-Linares,Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis,Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis,Scott E. Devine,Hyun Min Kang,Jeffrey M. Kidd,Thomas W. Blackwell,Sean Caron,Wei Chen,S. Emery,Lars G. Fritsche,Christian Fuchsberger,Goo Jun,Goo Jun,Bingshan Li,Robert H. Lyons,Chris Scheller,Carlo Sidore,Carlo Sidore,Carlo Sidore,Shiya Song,Elzbieta Sliwerska,Daniel Taliun,Adrian Tan,Ryan P. Welch,Mary Kate Wing,Xiaowei Zhan,Philip Awadalla,Philip Awadalla,Alan Hodgkinson,Yun Li,Xinghua Shi,Andrew Quitadamo,Gerton Lunter,Jonathan Marchini,Simon Myers,Claire Churchhouse,Olivier Delaneau,Olivier Delaneau,Anjali Gupta-Hinch,Warren W. Kretzschmar,Zamin Iqbal,Iain Mathieson,Androniki Menelaou,Androniki Menelaou,Andy Rimmer,Dionysia Kiara Xifara,Taras K. Oleksyk,Yunxin Fu,Xiaoming Liu,Momiao Xiong,Lynn B. Jorde,David J. Witherspoon,Jinchuan Xing,Brian L. Browning,Sharon R. Browning,Fereydoun Hormozdiari,Peter H. Sudmant,Ekta Khurana,Chris Tyler-Smith,Cornelis A. Albers,Qasim Ayub,Yuan Chen,Vincenza Colonna,Vincenza Colonna,Luke Jostins,Klaudia Walter,Yali Xue,Mark Gerstein,Alexej Abyzov,Suganthi Balasubramanian,Jieming Chen,Declan Clarke,Yao Fu,Arif Harmanci,Mike Jin,Dong-Hoon Lee,Jeremy Liu,Xinmeng Jasmine Mu,Xinmeng Jasmine Mu,Jing Zhang,Yan Zhang,Christopher Hartl,Khalid Shakir,Jeremiah D. Degenhardt,Sascha Meiers,Benjamin Raeder,Francesco Paolo Casale,Oliver Stegle,Eric-Wubbo Lameijer,Ira M. Hall,Vineet Bafna,Jacob J. Michaelson,Eugene J. Gardner,Ryan E. Mills,Gargi Dayama,Ken Chen,Xian Fan,Zechen Chong,Tenghui Chen,Mark Chaisson,John Huddleston,Maika Malig,Bradley J. Nelson,Nicholas F. Parrish,Ben Blackburne,Sarah J. Lindsay,Zemin Ning,Yujun Zhang,Hugo Y. K. Lam,Cristina Sisu,Danny Challis,Uday S. Evani,James T. Lu,Uma Nagaswamy,Jin Yu,Wangshen Li,Lukas Habegger,Haiyuan Yu,Fiona Cunningham,Ian Dunham,Kasper Lage,Kasper Lage,Jakob Berg Jespersen,Jakob Berg Jespersen,Jakob Berg Jespersen,Heiko Horn,Heiko Horn,Donghoon Kim,Rob DeSalle,Apurva Narechania,Melissa A. Wilson Sayres,Fernando L. Mendez,G. David Poznik,Peter A. Underhill,David Mittelman,Ruby Banerjee,Maria Cerezo,Thomas W. Fitzgerald,Sandra Louzada,Andrea Massaia,Fengtang Yang,Divya Kalra,Walker Hale,Xu Dan,Kathleen C. Barnes,Christine Beiswanger,Hongyu Cai,Hongzhi Cao,Hongzhi Cao,Brenna M. Henn,Danielle Jones,Jane Kaye,Alastair Kent,Angeliki Kerasidou,Rasika A. Mathias,Pilar N. Ossorio,Michael Parker,Charles N. Rotimi,Charmaine D.M. Royal,Karla Sandoval,Yeyang Su,Zhongming Tian,Sarah A. Tishkoff,Marc Via,Yuhong Wang,Huanming Yang,Ling Yang,Jiayong Zhu,Walter F. Bodmer,Gabriel Bedoya,Zhiming Cai,Yang Gao,Jiayou Chu,Leena Peltonen,Andrés C. García-Montero,Alberto Orfao,Julie Dutil,Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado,R. Mathias,Anselm Hennis,Harold Watson,Colin A. McKenzie,Firdausi Qadri,Regina C. LaRocque,Xiaoyan Deng,Danny Asogun,Onikepe A. Folarin,Christian T. Happi,Omonwunmi Omoniwa,Matt Stremlau,Matt Stremlau,Ridhi Tariyal,Ridhi Tariyal,M Jallow,M Jallow,Fatoumatta Sisay Joof,Fatoumatta Sisay Joof,Tumani Corrah,Tumani Corrah,Kirk A. Rockett,Kirk A. Rockett,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Jaspal S. Kooner,Tran Tinh Hien,Sarah J. Dunstan,Sarah J. Dunstan,Nguyen ThuyHang,Richard Fonnie,Robert F. Garry,Lansana Kanneh,Lina M. Moses,John S. Schieffelin,Donald S. Grant,Carla Gallo,Giovanni Poletti,Danish Saleheen,Asif Rasheed,Lisa D. Brooks,Adam Felsenfeld,Jean E. McEwen,Yekaterina Vaydylevich,Audrey Duncanson,Michael Dunn,Jeffery A. Schloss +517 more
TL;DR: The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations, and has reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-generation sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq.
TL;DR: Although >90% of uniquely mapped reads fell within known exons, the remaining data suggest new and revised gene models, including changed or additional promoters, exons and 3′ untranscribed regions, as well as new candidate microRNA precursors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrative genomics viewer
James T. Robinson,Helga Thorvaldsdottir,Wendy Winckler,Mitchell Guttman,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Gad Getz,Jill P. Mesirov +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach for efficient and intuitive visualization tools able to scale to very large data sets and to flexibly integrate multiple data types, including clinical data.
Related Papers (5)
Nanopore sequencing and assembly of a human genome with ultra-long reads
Miten Jain,Sergey Koren,Karen H. Miga,Josh Quick,Arthur C Rand,Thomas A Sasani,John R. Tyson,Andrew D Beggs,Alexander T. Dilthey,Ian T. Fiddes,Sunir Malla,Hannah Marriott,Tom Nieto,Justin O'Grady,Hugh E. Olsen,Brent S. Pedersen,Arang Rhie,Hollian Richardson,Aaron R. Quinlan,Terrance P. Snutch,Louise Tee,Benedict Paten,Adam M. Phillippy,Jared T. Simpson,Jared T. Simpson,Nicholas J. Loman,Matthew Loose +26 more