Journal ArticleDOI
Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry
Leonardo H. Travassos,Leticia A.M. Carneiro,Mahendrasingh Ramjeet,Seamus Hussey,Seamus Hussey,Yun Gi Kim,Joao G. Magalhaes,Linda Yuan,Fraser Soares,Evelyn Chea,Lionel Le Bourhis,Ivo G Boneca,Abdelmounaaim Allaoui,Nicola L. Jones,Gabriel Núñez,Stephen E. Girardin,Dana J. Philpott +16 more
TLDR
The results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease.Abstract:
Autophagy is emerging as a crucial defense mechanism against bacteria, but the host intracellular sensors responsible for inducing autophagy in response to bacterial infection remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that the intracellular sensors Nod1 and Nod2 are critical for the autophagic response to invasive bacteria. By a mechanism independent of the adaptor RIP2 and transcription factor NF-kappaB, Nod1 and Nod2 recruited the autophagy protein ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the bacterial entry site. In cells homozygous for the Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 frameshift mutation, mutant Nod2 failed to recruit ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane and wrapping of invading bacteria by autophagosomes was impaired. Our results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy during common bacterial and viral infections of children.
TL;DR: Autophagy is a well-known survival mechanism of the cell as mentioned in this paper, which removes excessive proteins and thereby maintains homeostasis within the cell, and it is recognized as a component of both innate and adaptive immune responses to bacterial and viral pathogens common to children.
Journal ArticleDOI
WNT-Inflammasome Signaling Mediates NOD2-Induced Development of Acute Arthritis in Mice
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that NOD2 signals to a cellular protein, Ly6/PLAUR domain–containing protein 6, in a receptor-interacting protein kinase 2–TGF-β–activated kinase 1–independent manner to activate the WNT signaling cascade, which mediates the activation of inflammasomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy-Inflammation Interplay During Infection: Balancing Pathogen Clearance and Host Inflammation
TL;DR: The latest research advances in this field are reviewed to gain insight into the mechanisms by which the body balances autophagy and inflammation in infections and how this mechanism can be used to fight infections better.
Journal ArticleDOI
NOD1 activation in cardiac fibroblasts induces myocardial fibrosis in a murine model of type 2 diabetes.
Almudena Val-Blasco,Patricia Prieto,Silvia González-Ramos,Gemma Benito,María Teresa Vallejo-Cremades,Ivette Pacheco,Pilar González-Peramato,Noelia Agra,Verónica Terrón,Carmen Delgado,Paloma Martín-Sanz,Paloma Martín-Sanz,Lisardo Boscá,Lisardo Boscá,María Fernández-Velasco +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that selective staining of cardiac fibroblasts from T2D mice exhibits up-regulation and activation of the NOD1 pathway, resulting in enhanced NF-κB and TGF-β signalling, and establishes a new mechanism for the development of heart fibrosis linked to T1D.
Journal ArticleDOI
NOD1 activates autophagy to aggravate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.
TL;DR: It is found that NOD1 was upregulated during hepatic IRI and was associated with an activation of the autophagic signaling pathway, and levels of Atg5, a critical protein associated with autophagy, were decreased when N OD1 was inhibited by NOD 1 small interfering RNA.
References
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Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
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Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Jean-Pierre Hugot,Mathias Chamaillard,Mathias Chamaillard,Habib Zouali,Suzanne Lesage,Jean-Pierre Cézard,Jacques Belaiche,Sven Almer,Curt Tysk,Colm O'Morain,Miquel A. Gassull,Vibeke Binder,Yigael Finkel,Antoine Cortot,Robert Modigliani,Pierre Laurent-Puig,C. Gower-Rousseau,J. Macry,Jean-Frederic Colombel,Mourad Sahbatou,Gilles Thomas,Gilles Thomas +21 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Stephen E. Girardin,Ivo G. Boneca,Jérôme Viala,Mathias Chamaillard,Agnès Labigne,Gilles Thomas,Dana J. Philpott,Philippe J. Sansonetti +7 more
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
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TL;DR: A set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes are presented.
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