Journal ArticleDOI
Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry
Leonardo H. Travassos,Leticia A.M. Carneiro,Mahendrasingh Ramjeet,Seamus Hussey,Seamus Hussey,Yun Gi Kim,Joao G. Magalhaes,Linda Yuan,Fraser Soares,Evelyn Chea,Lionel Le Bourhis,Ivo G Boneca,Abdelmounaaim Allaoui,Nicola L. Jones,Gabriel Núñez,Stephen E. Girardin,Dana J. Philpott +16 more
TLDR
The results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease.Abstract:
Autophagy is emerging as a crucial defense mechanism against bacteria, but the host intracellular sensors responsible for inducing autophagy in response to bacterial infection remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that the intracellular sensors Nod1 and Nod2 are critical for the autophagic response to invasive bacteria. By a mechanism independent of the adaptor RIP2 and transcription factor NF-kappaB, Nod1 and Nod2 recruited the autophagy protein ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the bacterial entry site. In cells homozygous for the Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 frameshift mutation, mutant Nod2 failed to recruit ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane and wrapping of invading bacteria by autophagosomes was impaired. Our results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Signaling Organelles of the Innate Immune System
TL;DR: The locations within mammalian cells that permit innate immune signal transduction are highlighted and a model whereby structurally distinct proteins can be grouped functionally through their ability to assemble platforms of regulators on the signaling organelles of the innate immune system is offered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy and Autophagy-Related Diseases: A Review.
Tadashi Ichimiya,Tsukasa Yamakawa,Takehiro Hirano,Yoshihiro Yokoyama,Yuki Hayashi,Daisuke Hirayama,Kohei Wagatsuma,Takao Itoi,Hiroshi Nakase +8 more
TL;DR: The activation of autophagy is essential for prolonging life and suppressing aging, and this article provides a comprehensive review of the role ofAutophagy in health, physiological function, and Autophagy-related disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective autophagy: Xenophagy
TL;DR: A methodical approach to confirming autophagy, its interaction with bacterial invasion, as well as the specific type of autophagic formation (i.e. autophagosome, autolysosome, phagolysOSome).
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibacterial autophagy occurs at PI(3)P-enriched domains of the endoplasmic reticulum and requires Rab1 GTPase
Ju Huang,Cheryl L. Birmingham,Shahab Shahnazari,Jessica Shiu,Yiyu T. Zheng,Adam C. Smith,Kenneth G. Campellone,Won Do Heo,Samantha Gruenheid,Tobias Meyer,Matthew D. Welch,Nicholas T. Ktistakis,Peter K. Kim,Daniel J. Klionsky,John H. Brumell +14 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that antibacterial autophagy occurs at omegasomes and reveal that the Rab1 GTPase plays a crucial role in mammalian Autophagy.
Journal ArticleDOI
A RIPK2 inhibitor delays NOD signalling events yet prevents inflammatory cytokine production
Ueli Nachbur,Che A. Stafford,Aleksandra Bankovacki,Yifan Zhan,Lisa M Lindqvist,Berthe Katrine Fiil,Yelena Khakham,Hyun-Ja Ko,Jarrod J. Sandow,Hendrik Falk,Jessica K. Holien,Diep Chau,Joanne M Hildebrand,James E Vince,Phillip P. Sharp,Andrew I. Webb,Katherine A Jackman,Sabrina Mühlen,Catherine Kennedy,Kym N Lowes,James M. Murphy,Mads Gyrd-Hansen,Michael W. Parker,Elizabeth L. Hartland,Andrew M. Lew,David C.S. Huang,Guillaume Lessene,John Silke +27 more
TL;DR: A selective RIPK2 kinase inhibitor is developed and characterize, WEHI-345, which delays RIPK 2 ubiquitylation and NF-κB activation downstream of NOD engagement and prevents cytokine production in vitro and in vivo and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.
References
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Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
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TL;DR: A set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes are presented.
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