Journal ArticleDOI
Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry
Leonardo H. Travassos,Leticia A.M. Carneiro,Mahendrasingh Ramjeet,Seamus Hussey,Seamus Hussey,Yun Gi Kim,Joao G. Magalhaes,Linda Yuan,Fraser Soares,Evelyn Chea,Lionel Le Bourhis,Ivo G Boneca,Abdelmounaaim Allaoui,Nicola L. Jones,Gabriel Núñez,Stephen E. Girardin,Dana J. Philpott +16 more
TLDR
The results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease.Abstract:
Autophagy is emerging as a crucial defense mechanism against bacteria, but the host intracellular sensors responsible for inducing autophagy in response to bacterial infection remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that the intracellular sensors Nod1 and Nod2 are critical for the autophagic response to invasive bacteria. By a mechanism independent of the adaptor RIP2 and transcription factor NF-kappaB, Nod1 and Nod2 recruited the autophagy protein ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the bacterial entry site. In cells homozygous for the Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 frameshift mutation, mutant Nod2 failed to recruit ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane and wrapping of invading bacteria by autophagosomes was impaired. Our results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease.read more
Citations
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Novel Players in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis
TL;DR: Recent findings that underscore the importance of the microbiome, Paneth cells and autophagy in inflammatory bowel disease are discussed.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 and inflammatory bowel disease
TL;DR: Dysfunctional PTPN2 function is crucial for controlling adaptive immune functions, by regulating T cell proliferation and differentiation as well as maintaining T cell tolerance, and for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modulation of Pathogen Recognition by Autophagy
Ji Eun Oh,Heung Kyu Lee +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on the recent advances in the role of autophagy in pathogen recognition and modulation of innate immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
RIPK2 NODs to XIAP and IBD
Yusuf Topal,Mads Gyrd-Hansen +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanistic function of RIPK2 in immune signalling, its clinical relevance, and the on-going efforts to target RIPK 2 in inflammatory bowel disease and beyond are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uptake, recognition and responses to peptidoglycan in the mammalian host
TL;DR: A fragmented body of literature is brought together, explaining how peptidoglycan functions as a signalling molecule in the host under physiological conditions, how it disseminates within the host, and the cellular responses to peptidlycercan.
References
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Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
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Journal ArticleDOI
Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Jean-Pierre Hugot,Mathias Chamaillard,Mathias Chamaillard,Habib Zouali,Suzanne Lesage,Jean-Pierre Cézard,Jacques Belaiche,Sven Almer,Curt Tysk,Colm O'Morain,Miquel A. Gassull,Vibeke Binder,Yigael Finkel,Antoine Cortot,Robert Modigliani,Pierre Laurent-Puig,C. Gower-Rousseau,J. Macry,Jean-Frederic Colombel,Mourad Sahbatou,Gilles Thomas,Gilles Thomas +21 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the NOD2 gene product confers susceptibility to Crohn's disease by altering the recognition of these components and/or by over-activating NF-kB in monocytes, thus documenting a molecular model for the pathogenic mechanism of Crohn’s disease that can now be further investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of basal autophagy in neural cells causes neurodegenerative disease in mice
Taichi Hara,Kenji Nakamura,Makoto Matsui,Makoto Matsui,Makoto Matsui,Akitsugu Yamamoto,Yohko Nakahara,Rika Suzuki-Migishima,Minesuke Yokoyama,Kenji Mishima,Ichiro Saito,Hideyuki Okano,Noboru Mizushima +12 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the continuous clearance of diffuse cytosolic proteins through basal autophagy is important for preventing the accumulation of abnormal proteins, which can disrupt neural function and ultimately lead to neurodegeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection.
Stephen E. Girardin,Ivo G. Boneca,Jérôme Viala,Mathias Chamaillard,Agnès Labigne,Gilles Thomas,Dana J. Philpott,Philippe J. Sansonetti +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown here that Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through the recognition of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal bioactive peptIDoglycan motif common to all bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
Daniel J. Klionsky,Hagai Abeliovich,Patrizia Agostinis,Devendra K. Agrawal,Gjumrakch Aliev,David S. Askew,Misuzu Baba,Eric H. Baehrecke,Ben A. Bahr,Andrea Ballabio,Bruce A. Bamber,Diane C. Bassham,Ettore Bergamini,Xiaoning Bi,Martine Biard-Piechaczyk,Janice S. Blum,Dale E. Bredesen,Jeffrey L. Brodsky,John H. Brumell,Ulf T. Brunk,Wilfried Bursch,Nadine Camougrand,Eduardo Cebollero,Francesco Cecconi,Yingyu Chen,Lih-Shen Chin,Augustine M.K. Choi,Charleen T. Chu,Jongkyeong Chung,Peter G.H. Clarke,Robert S. B. Clark,Steven Clarke,Corinne Clavé,John L. Cleveland,Patrice Codogno,María Isabel Colombo,Ana Coto-Montes,James M. Cregg,Ana Maria Cuervo,Jayanta Debnath,Francesca Demarchi,Patrick B. Dennis,Phillip A. Dennis,Vojo Deretic,Rodney J. Devenish,Federica Di Sano,J. Fred Dice,Marian DiFiglia,Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar,Clark W. Distelhorst,Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny,Frank C. Dorsey,Wulf Dröge,Michel Dron,William A. Dunn,Michael Duszenko,N. Tony Eissa,Zvulun Elazar,Audrey Esclatine,Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen,László Fésüs,Kim D. Finley,José M. Fuentes,Juan Fueyo,Kozo Fujisaki,Brigitte Galliot,Fen-Biao Gao,David A. Gewirtz,Spencer B. Gibson,Antje Gohla,Alfred L. Goldberg,Ramon Gonzalez,Cristina González-Estévez,Sharon M. Gorski,Roberta A. Gottlieb,Dieter Häussinger,You-Wen He,Kim A. Heidenreich,Joseph A. Hill,Maria Høyer-Hansen,Xun Hu,Wei-Pang Huang,Akiko Iwasaki,Marja Jäättelä,William T. Jackson,Xuejun Jiang,Shengkan Jin,Terje Johansen,Jae U. Jung,Motoni Kadowaki,Chanhee Kang,Ameeta Kelekar,David Kessel,Jan A.K.W. Kiel,Pyo Kim Hong,Adi Kimchi,Timothy J. Kinsella,Kirill Kiselyov,Katsuhiko Kitamoto,Erwin Knecht,Masaaki Komatsu,Eiki Kominami,Seiji Kondo,Attila L. Kovács,Guido Kroemer,Chia Yi Kuan,Rakesh Kumar,Mondira Kundu,Jacques Landry,Marianne M. Laporte,Weidong Le,Huan Yao Lei,Michael J. Lenardo,Beth Levine,Andrew P. Lieberman,Kah-Leong Lim,Fu-Cheng Lin,Willisa Liou,Leroy F. Liu,Gabriel Lopez-Berestein,Carlos López-Otín,Bo Lu,Kay F. Macleod,Walter Malorni,Wim Martinet,Ken Matsuoka,Josef Mautner,Alfred J. Meijer,Alicia Meléndez,Paul A.M. Michels,Giovanni Miotto,Wilhelm P. Mistiaen,Noboru Mizushima,Baharia Mograbi,Iryna Monastyrska,Michael Moore,Paula I. Moreira,Yuji Moriyasu,Tomasz Motyl,Christian Münz,Leon Murphy,Naweed I. Naqvi,Thomas P. Neufeld,Ichizo Nishino,Ralph A. Nixon,Takeshi Noda,Bernd Nürnberg,Michinaga Ogawa,Nancy L. Oleinick,Laura J. Olsen,Bulent Ozpolat,Shoshana Paglin,Glen E. Palmer,Issidora S. Papassideri,Miles Parkes,David H. Perlmutter,George Perry,Mauro Piacentini,Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski,Mark Prescott,Tassula Proikas-Cezanne,Nina Raben,Abdelhaq Rami,Fulvio Reggiori,Bärbel Rohrer,David C. Rubinsztein,Kevin M. Ryan,Junichi Sadoshima,Hiroshi Sakagami,Yasuyoshi Sakai,Marco Sandri,Chihiro Sasakawa,Miklós Sass,Claudio Schneider,Per Ottar Seglen,Oleksandr Seleverstov,Jeffrey Settleman,John J. Shacka,Irving M. Shapiro,Andrei A. Sibirny,Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin,Hans-Uwe Simon,Crisfiano Simone,Anne Simonsen,Mark A. Smith,Katharina Spanel-Borowski,Vickram Srinivas,Meredith A. Steeves,Harald Stenmark,Per E. Stromhaug,Carlos S. Subauste,Seiichiro Sugimoto,David Sulzer,Toshihiko Suzuki,Michele S. Swanson,Ira Tabas,Fumihiko Takeshita,Nicholas J. Talbot,Zsolt Tallóczy,Keiji Tanaka,Kozo Tanaka,Isei Tanida,Graham S. Taylor,J. Paul Taylor,Alexei Terman,Gianluca Tettamanti,Craig B. Thompson,Michael Thumm,Aviva M. Tolkovsky,Sharon A. Tooze,Ray Truant,Lesya V. Tumanovska,Yasuo Uchiyama,Takashi Ueno,Néstor L. Uzcátegui,Ida J. van der Klei,Eva C. Vaquero,Tibor Vellai,Michael W. Vogel,Hong Gang Wang,Paul Webster,John W. Wiley,Zhijun Xi,Gutian Xiao,Joachim Yahalom,Jin Ming Yang,George S. Yap,Xiao Ming Yin,Tamotsu Yoshimori,Li Yu,Zhenyu Yue,Michisuke Yuzaki,Olga Zabirnyk,Xiaoxiang Zheng,Xiongwei Zhu,Russell L. Deter +235 more
TL;DR: A set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes are presented.
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