Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and release
TLDR
What is presently known about how exosomes are formed and released by cells is summarized and other cellular processes related to exosome biogenesis and release, such as autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis are presented.Abstract:
Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released by fusion of an organelle of the endocytic pathway, the multivesicular body, with the plasma membrane. This process was discovered more than 30 years ago, and during these years, exosomes have gone from being considered as cellular waste disposal to mediate a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. The exponential interest in exosomes experienced during recent years is due to their important roles in health and disease and to their potential clinical application in therapy and diagnosis. However, important aspects of the biology of exosomes remain unknown. To explore the use of exosomes in the clinic, it is essential that the basic molecular mechanisms behind the transport and function of these vesicles are better understood. We have here summarized what is presently known about how exosomes are formed and released by cells. Moreover, other cellular processes related to exosome biogenesis and release, such as autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis are presented. Finally, methodological aspects related to exosome release studies are discussed.read more
Citations
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The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes
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Identification of distinct nanoparticles and subsets of extracellular vesicles by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation.
Haiying Zhang,Daniela Freitas,Han Sang Kim,Han Sang Kim,Kristina I. Fabijanic,Zhong Li,Haiyan Chen,Haiyan Chen,Milica Tesic Mark,Henrik Molina,Alberto Benito Martin,Linda Bojmar,Justin Fang,Sham Rampersaud,Ayuko Hoshino,Irina Matei,Candia M. Kenific,Miho Nakajima,Anders P. Mutvei,Pasquale Sansone,Weston Buehring,Huajuan Wang,Juan Pablo Jimenez,Leona Cohen-Gould,Navid Paknejad,Matthew Brendel,Katia Manova-Todorova,Ana Magalhães,José Alexandre Ferreira,Hugo Osório,André M. N. Silva,Ashish Massey,Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz,Giuseppe Galletti,Paraskevi Giannakakou,Ana Maria Cuervo,John Blenis,Robert E. Schwartz,Mary Sue Brady,Héctor Peinado,Jacqueline Bromberg,Jacqueline Bromberg,Hiroshi Matsui,Celso A. Reis,David Lyden,David Lyden +45 more
TL;DR: It is shown that AF4 can serve as an improved analytical tool for isolating extracellular vesicles and addressing the complexities of heterogeneous nanoparticle subpopulations, and three nanoparticle subsets demonstrated diverse organ biodistribution patterns, suggesting distinct biological functions.
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A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
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Review of the Isolation, Characterization, Biological Function, and Multifarious Therapeutic Approaches of Exosomes
TL;DR: The history, biogenesis, release, isolation, characterization, and biological functions of exosomes, as well as the factors influencing their biogenesis and their technical and biological challenges are discussed.
References
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