Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics.
Hilary K. Finucane,Hilary K. Finucane,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Alexander Gusev,Gosia Trynka,Yakir A. Reshef,Po-Ru Loh,Verneri Anttila,Verneri Anttila,Han Xu,Chongzhi Zang,Kyle Kai-How Farh,Kyle Kai-How Farh,Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Felix R. Day,Shaun Purcell,Shaun Purcell,Eli A. Stahl,Sara Lindström,John R. B. Perry,Yukinori Okada,Soumya Raychaudhuri,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Nick Patterson,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Alkes L. Price,Alkes L. Price +30 more
TLDR
A new method is introduced, stratified LD score regression, for partitioning heritability from GWAS summary statistics while accounting for linked markers, which is computationally tractable at very large sample sizes and leverages genome-wide information.Abstract:
Recent work has demonstrated that some functional categories of the genome contribute disproportionately to the heritability of complex diseases. Here we analyze a broad set of functional elements, including cell type-specific elements, to estimate their polygenic contributions to heritability in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 17 complex diseases and traits with an average sample size of 73,599. To enable this analysis, we introduce a new method, stratified LD score regression, for partitioning heritability from GWAS summary statistics while accounting for linked markers. This new method is computationally tractable at very large sample sizes and leverages genome-wide information. Our findings include a large enrichment of heritability in conserved regions across many traits, a very large immunological disease-specific enrichment of heritability in FANTOM5 enhancers and many cell type-specific enrichments, including significant enrichment of central nervous system cell types in the heritability of body mass index, age at menarche, educational attainment and smoking behavior.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans
Konrad J. Karczewski,Laurent C. Francioli,Grace Tiao,Beryl B. Cummings,Jessica Alföldi,Qingbo Wang,Ryan L. Collins,Kristen M. Laricchia,Andrea Ganna,Daniel P. Birnbaum,Laura D. Gauthier,Harrison Brand,Matthew Solomonson,Nicholas A. Watts,Daniel R. Rhodes,Moriel Singer-Berk,Eleina M. England,Eleanor G. Seaby,Jack A. Kosmicki,Raymond K. Walters,Katherine Tashman,Yossi Farjoun,Eric Banks,Timothy Poterba,Arcturus Wang,Cotton Seed,Nicola Whiffin,Jessica X. Chong,Kaitlin E. Samocha,Emma Pierce-Hoffman,Zachary Zappala,Anne H. O’Donnell-Luria,Eric Vallabh Minikel,Ben Weisburd,Monkol Lek,James S. Ware,Christopher Vittal,Irina M. Armean,Louis Bergelson,Kristian Cibulskis,Kristen M. Connolly,Miguel Covarrubias,Stacey Donnelly,Steven Ferriera,Stacey Gabriel,Jeff Gentry,Namrata Gupta,Thibault Jeandet,Diane Kaplan,Christopher Llanwarne,Ruchi Munshi,Sam Novod,Nikelle Petrillo,David Roazen,Valentin Ruano-Rubio,Andrea Saltzman,Molly Schleicher,Jose Soto,Kathleen Tibbetts,Charlotte Tolonen,Gordon Wade,Michael E. Talkowski,Benjamin M. Neale,Mark J. Daly,Daniel G. MacArthur +64 more
TL;DR: A catalogue of predicted loss-of-function variants in 125,748 whole-exome and 15,708 whole-genome sequencing datasets from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) reveals the spectrum of mutational constraints that affect these human protein-coding genes.
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Anshul Kundaje,Wouter Meuleman,Jason Ernst,Angela Yen,Pouya Kheradpour,Zhizhuo Zhang,Jianrong Wang,Lucas D. Ward,Abhishek Sarkar,Gerald Quon,Matthew L. Eaton,Yi-Chieh Wu,Andreas R. Pfenning,Xinchen Wang,Melina Claussnitzer,Yaping Liu,Mukul S. Bansal,Soheil Feizi-Khankandi,Ah Ram Kim,Richard C Sallari,Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong,Laurie A. Boyer,Elizabeta Gjoneska,Li-Huei Tsai,Manolis Kellis +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits.
Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Hilary K. Finucane,Verneri Anttila,Verneri Anttila,Alexander Gusev,Felix R. Day,Po-Ru Loh,Po-Ru Loh,Laramie E. Duncan,Laramie E. Duncan,John R. B. Perry,Nick Patterson,Elise B. Robinson,Elise B. Robinson,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Alkes L. Price,Alkes L. Price,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale +20 more
TL;DR: This work introduces a technique—cross-trait LD Score regression—for estimating genetic correlation that requires only GWAS summary statistics and is not biased by sample overlap, and uses this method to estimate 276 genetic correlations among 24 traits.
Journal ArticleDOI
10 Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation
Peter M. Visscher,Naomi R. Wray,Qian Zhang,Pamela Sklar,Mark I. McCarthy,Matthew A. Brown,Jian Yang +6 more
TL;DR: The remarkable range of discoveriesGWASs has facilitated in population and complex-trait genetics, the biology of diseases, and translation toward new therapeutics are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Expanded View of Complex Traits: From Polygenic to Omnigenic
TL;DR: It is proposed that gene regulatory networks are sufficiently interconnected such that all genes expressed in disease-relevant cells are liable to affect the functions of core disease-related genes and that most heritability can be explained by effects on genes outside core pathways.
References
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TL;DR: This study has demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in theBritish population is generally modest.
Journal Article
An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome.
TL;DR: The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of the authors' genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.
Journal ArticleDOI
An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes
Gonçalo R. Abecasis,Adam Auton,Lisa D. Brooks,Mark A. DePristo,Richard Durbin,Robert E. Handsaker,Robert E. Handsaker,Hyun Min Kang,Gabor T. Marth,Gil McVean +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that evolutionary conservation and coding consequence are key determinants of the strength of purifying selection, that rare-variant load varies substantially across biological pathways, and that each individual contains hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites.
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Welch,Mary Kate Wing,Xiaowei Zhan,Philip Awadalla,Philip Awadalla,Alan Hodgkinson,Yun Li,Xinghua Shi,Andrew Quitadamo,Gerton Lunter,Jonathan Marchini,Simon Myers,Claire Churchhouse,Olivier Delaneau,Olivier Delaneau,Anjali Gupta-Hinch,Warren W. Kretzschmar,Zamin Iqbal,Iain Mathieson,Androniki Menelaou,Androniki Menelaou,Andy Rimmer,Dionysia Kiara Xifara,Taras K. Oleksyk,Yunxin Fu,Xiaoming Liu,Momiao Xiong,Lynn B. Jorde,David J. Witherspoon,Jinchuan Xing,Brian L. Browning,Sharon R. Browning,Fereydoun Hormozdiari,Peter H. Sudmant,Ekta Khurana,Chris Tyler-Smith,Cornelis A. Albers,Qasim Ayub,Yuan Chen,Vincenza Colonna,Vincenza Colonna,Luke Jostins,Klaudia Walter,Yali Xue,Mark Gerstein,Alexej Abyzov,Suganthi Balasubramanian,Jieming Chen,Declan Clarke,Yao Fu,Arif Harmanci,Mike Jin,Dong-Hoon Lee,Jeremy Liu,Xinmeng Jasmine Mu,Xinmeng Jasmine Mu,Jing Zhang,Yan Zhang,Christopher Hartl,Khalid Shakir,Jeremiah D. 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Henn,Danielle Jones,Jane Kaye,Alastair Kent,Angeliki Kerasidou,Rasika A. Mathias,Pilar N. Ossorio,Michael Parker,Charles N. Rotimi,Charmaine D.M. Royal,Karla Sandoval,Yeyang Su,Zhongming Tian,Sarah A. Tishkoff,Marc Via,Yuhong Wang,Huanming Yang,Ling Yang,Jiayong Zhu,Walter F. Bodmer,Gabriel Bedoya,Zhiming Cai,Yang Gao,Jiayou Chu,Leena Peltonen,Andrés C. García-Montero,Alberto Orfao,Julie Dutil,Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado,R. Mathias,Anselm Hennis,Harold Watson,Colin A. McKenzie,Firdausi Qadri,Regina C. LaRocque,Xiaoyan Deng,Danny Asogun,Onikepe A. Folarin,Christian T. Happi,Omonwunmi Omoniwa,Matt Stremlau,Matt Stremlau,Ridhi Tariyal,Ridhi Tariyal,M Jallow,M Jallow,Fatoumatta Sisay Joof,Fatoumatta Sisay Joof,Tumani Corrah,Tumani Corrah,Kirk A. Rockett,Kirk A. Rockett,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Jaspal S. Kooner,Tran Tinh Hien,Sarah J. Dunstan,Sarah J. Dunstan,Nguyen ThuyHang,Richard Fonnie,Robert F. Garry,Lansana Kanneh,Lina M. Moses,John S. Schieffelin,Donald S. Grant,Carla Gallo,Giovanni Poletti,Danish Saleheen,Asif Rasheed,Lisa D. Brooks,Adam Felsenfeld,Jean E. McEwen,Yekaterina Vaydylevich,Audrey Duncanson,Michael Dunn,Jeffery A. Schloss +517 more