Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Drive apparatus for hybrid vehicle

Abstract: A drive apparatus for a hybrid vehicle equipped with an engine and a motor, heats the engine or a catalytic converter using the regenerated electricity of the motor. As the temperature of the engine or the catalyst thus rises, air polluting components in an exhaust gas discharged via the motor or the catalyst converter are reduced. Typical air polluting components are NC, NOx and CO.

Generator controller and controlling method for hybrid vehicle

Abstract: A voltage V B of a battery (16) is compared with a predetermined value V max (100) and when the battery voltage V B is lower than the predetermined value V max as a result of the comparison, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery (16) is discriminated (104). In the case of an SOC of at least 70%, an output P G of a generator (18) is controlled on the basis of an output P M of a motor (10) (106 - 116), and in the case of an SOC of less than 70%, while the output P G of the generator (18) is controlled to a relatively high value a , the output P M of the motor (10) is limited (120). When the SOC is restored to more than 75%, steps on and after 106 are executed. When the battery voltage V B is at least the predetermined value V max , an idle control of an engine (22) is carried out (124). As a result, the SOC of the battery (16) can be ensured and overcharging of the battery (16) can be prevented.

Smart Driving of a Vehicle Using Model Predictive Control for Improving Traffic Flow

Abstract: Traffic management on road networks is an emerging research field in control engineering due to the strong demand to alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas. Interaction among vehicles frequently causes congestion as well as bottlenecks in road capacity. In dense traffic, waves of traffic density propagate backward as drivers try to keep safe distances through frequent acceleration and deceleration. This paper presents a vehicle driving system in a model predictive control framework that effectively improves traffic flow. The vehicle driving system regulates safe intervehicle distance under the bounded driving torque condition by predicting the preceding traffic. It also focuses on alleviating the effect of braking on the vehicles that follow, which helps jamming waves attenuate to in the traffic. The proposed vehicle driving system has been evaluated through numerical simulation in dense traffic.

Elastic deformation behavior of multi-functional Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-O alloys

Abstract: We investigated the effect of cold working on the elastic properties of a newly developed multi-functional β titanium alloy, GUM METAL, using in-situ XRD and EBSP analysis. Mechanical and physical properties are changed dramatically by cold working. The alloy has a low elastic modulus (40GPa), high strength (more than 1100MPa), high elastic deformability (2.5%) and super-plastic like deformability at room temperature without work hardening. The elastic behavior of the cold worked specimen shows non-linearity, with the gradient of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region continuously decreasing with a stress increase. In-situ XRD measurements during tensile loading show that all β peaks shift monotonically to higher 28 angles with increasing tensile strain up to 2.7%. This result suggests that the elastic behavior in the alloy is not accompanied by phase transformations, such as stress-induced a". Additionally, EBSP analysis reveals that the deformation mode in the alloy does not relate to {112} or {332} twinning. The microstructure of the alloy during deformation is characterized by localized distorted regions ranging in size from several tens of micrometers to submicrometers, with elastic strain located hierarchically in the alloy. It is likely that this microstructure is attributable to its elastic anomaly, which arises at this specific alloy composition of the multifunctional alloy. The above elastic anomaly in the alloy seems to contribute to the development of the unique microstructure during plastic deformation, as well as to its macroscopic elastic behavior.

First-principles study of Cu2ZnSnS4 and the related band offsets for photovoltaic applications.

Abstract: First-principles calculations of the band offsets between Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and XS (X = Cd, Zn) are performed. While the interface dipole contribution for the band offsets is calculated using the Perdew?Burke?Ernzerhof functional, the Heyd?Scuseria?Ernzerhof hybrid functional is employed to introduce the quasiparticle corrections to the band offsets. The calculated conduction band offset between CZTS and CdS is 0.2?eV, validating CdS for the buffer layer of the CZTS solar cell. The small conduction band offset stems from the band gap narrowing of CdS under the interface strain caused by the lattice misfit with CZTS. A large valence band offset over 0.9?eV between CZTS and ZnS indicates that precipitated ZnS is regarded as an inactive insulator phase in CZTS absorbers.