Toyota

About: Toyota is a company organization based out in Safenwil, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Battery (electricity). The organization has 40032 authors who have published 55003 publications receiving 735317 citations. The organization is also known as: Toyota Motor Corporation & Toyota Jidosha KK.

Nylon 6–Clay Hybrid

Abstract: ζ-Caprolactam was polymerized in the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite, a clay mineral, yielding a nylon 6-clay hybrid (NCH) 1). X-ray and TEM measurements revealed that each template of the silicate, which is 10 A thick, was dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix and that the repeat unit increased from 12 A in unintercalated material to 21 A in the intercalated material. Thus NCH, is a “polymer based molecular composite” or “nanometer composite”. NCH, when injection-molded, shows excellent properties as compared to nylon 6 in terms of tensile strength, tensile modulus and heat resistance. Heat distortion temperature increased from 65 °c for nylon 6 to 152 °c for NCH, containing 4 wt% (1.6 vol%) of clay mineral.

Synthesis of an Intercalated Compound of Montmorillonite and 6-Polyamide

Abstract: Natural montmorillonite, fractionated from bentonite produced in Yamagata, Japan, was ion-exchanged for NH 3 + —(CH2)11—COOH, NH 3 + —(CH2)5—COOH, Al3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Li+, K+ and H+. The mixtures of the ion-exchanged montmorillonite and e-caprolactam were heated at 263 °C in glass ampoules for various periods. The intercalated compounds before and after the heating were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and GPC. Although e-caprolactam was not polymerized without montmorillonite, it was polymerized at 263 °C in the presence of montmorillonite. The polymerization rate varied with the interlayer cations in the order of NH 3 + —(CH2)11—COOH>Al3+>NH 3 + —(CH2)5—COOH>H+>Cu2+>Mg2+>Co2+>Li+>K+. After heating at 263 °C for 5 h, the mean number-average molecular weight was about 1.5 x 104. Although the interlayer distance of NH 3 + —(CH2)11—COOH type montmorillonite/e-caprolactam compound increased from 2.85 nm to 4.90 nm by heating at temperatures above the melting point of e-caprolactam, those of other compounds were not changed. After heating at 263 °C, an intercalated compound of montmorillonite and 6-polyamide, whose interlayer distance was more than 10 nm, was obtained. It is concluded that montmorillonite acts as a Bronsted acid and initiates the open ring polymerization of e-caprolactam and that the driving force of swelling is the polymerization energy.

Information display apparatus for vehicles

Abstract: An information display apparatus for vehicles for securely providing the driver with only information corresponding to the running condition, the information display apparatus comprising an information processor for receiving information detected by various sensors and monitors and for detecting the running condition of the vehicle, memory containing information on respective running conditions for display and degree of information importance being, and a display unit for displaying information in a display area or in an amount according to the degree of importance. The memory of the information display apparatus is used to read information corresponding to the detected running condition and the degree of information importance. The display area of speed information is increased when the vehicle is running straight and the display area of information about conditions behind the vehicle is increased when the vehicle is traveling in reverse.