Samsung

About: Samsung is a company organization based out in Seoul, South Korea. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Layer (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 134067 authors who have published 163691 publications receiving 2057505 citations. The organization is also known as: Samsung Group & Samsung chaebol.

Method and apparatus for encoding video, and method and apparatus for decoding video

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a apparatus for encoding a video, and a method and apparatus for decoding a video, in which neighboring pixels used to perform intra prediction on a current block to be encoded are filtered and intra prediction is performed by using the filtered neighboring pixels.

Enhanced light extraction from GaN-based light-emitting diodes with holographically generated two-dimensional photonic crystal patterns

Abstract: We observed a significant enhancement in light output from GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in which two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) patterns were integrated. Two-dimensional square-lattice air-hole array patterns with a period that varied from 300 to 700 nm were generated by laser holography. Unlike the commonly utilized electron-beam lithographic technique, the holographic method can make patterns over a large area with high throughput. The resultant PC-LED devices with a pattern period of ∼500nm had more than double the output power, as measured from the top of the device. The experimental observations are qualitatively consistent with the results of three-dimensional finite-difference-time-domain simulation.

Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous carbon for fuel cell applications

Abstract: The synthesis and application aspects of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) as a novel material for fuel cell catalysts are reviewed in this paper. The synthesis and structural characterization of OMC is outlined and the recent advances in the synthesis of OMC relevant to fuel cell technologies is presented. Recent examples of the application of OMC as a support for fuel cell catalysts are summarized and practical approaches for the application of OMC for the fuel cell systems are discussed. Future perspectives on the use of OMC in energy conversion and storage devices are also suggested.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Up-to-Date Imaging and Management

Abstract: OBJECTIVE. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a common worldwide infection and a medical and social problem causing high mortality and morbidity, especially in developing countries. The traditional imaging concept of primary and reactivation TB has been recently challenged, and radiologic features depend on the level of host immunity rather than the elapsed time after the infection. We aimed to elaborate the new concept of the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB, to review the characteristic imaging findings of various forms of pulmonary TB, and to assess the role of CT in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary TB.CONCLUSION. Fast and more accurate TB testing such as bacterial DNA fingerprinting and whole-blood interferon-γ assay has been developed. Miliary or disseminated primary pattern or atypical manifestations of pulmonary TB are common in patients with impaired immunity. CT plays an important role in the detection of TB in patients in whom the chest radiograph is normal or inconclusive, in the de...

Lung Function Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats After Prolonged Inhalation Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles has resulted in their widespread use in many consumer products. However, despite the continuing increase in the population exposed to silver nanoparticles, the effects of prolonged exposure to silver nanoparticles have not been thoroughly determined. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate the inflammatory responses and pulmonary function changes in rats during 90 days of inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles. The rats were exposed to silver nanoparticles (18 nm diameter) at concentrations of 0.7 x 10(6) particles/cm(3) (low dose), 1.4 x 10(6) particles /cm(3) (middle dose), and 2.9 x 10(6) particles /cm(3) (high dose) for 6 h/day in an inhalation chamber for 90 days. The lung function was measured every week after the daily exposure, and the animals sacrificed after the 90-day exposure period. Cellular differential counts and inflammatory measurements, such as albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein, were also monitored in the acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of the rats exposed to the silver nanoparticles for 90 days. Among the lung function test measurements, the tidal volume and minute volume showed a statistically significant decrease during the 90 days of silver nanoparticle exposure. Although no statistically significant differences were found in the cellular differential counts, the inflammation measurements increased in the high-dose female rats. Meanwhile, histopathological examinations indicated dose-dependent increases in lesions related to silver nanoparticle exposure, such as infiltrate mixed cell and chronic alveolar inflammation, including thickened alveolar walls and small granulomatous lesions. Therefore, when taken together, the decreases in the tidal volume and minute volume and other inflammatory responses after prolonged exposure to silver nanoparticles would seem to indicate that nanosized particle inhalation exposure can induce lung function changes, along with inflammation, at much lower mass dose concentrations when compared to submicrometer particles.