Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of disease Study 2016
Spencer L. James,Alice Theadom,Richard G. Ellenbogen,Marlena S Bannick,Wcliff Montjoy-Venning,Lydia R. Lucchesi,Nooshin Abbasi,Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,Haftom Niguse Abraha,Jose C. Adsuar,Mohsen Afarideh,Sutapa Agrawal,Alireza Ahmadi,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Amani Nidhal Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour,Rufus Akinyemi,Nadia Akseer,Fares Alahdab,Animut Alebel,Suliman Alghnam,Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali,Ubai Alsharif,Khalid A Altirkawi,Catalina Liliana Andrei,Mina Anjomshoa,Hossein Ansari,Mustafa Geleto Ansha,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah,Filippo Ariani,Nigus Gebremedhin Asefa,Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom,Suleman Atique,Ashish Awasthi,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Tambe B Ayuk,Peter Azzopardi,Hamid Badali,Alaa Badawi,Shivanthi Balalla,Amrit Banstola,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Neeraj Bedi,Masoud Behzadifar,Meysam Behzadifar,Bayu Begashaw Bekele,Abate Bekele Belachew,Yihalem Abebe Belay,Derrick A Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Adugnaw Berhane,Mircea Beuran,Ashish Bhalla,Soumyadeeep Bhaumik,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Belete Biadgo,Marco Biffino,Ali Bijani,Nigus Bililign,Charles Birungi,Soufiane Boufous,Alexandra Brazinova,Allen W Brown,Mate Car,Rosario Cárdenas,Juan Jesus Carrero,Félix Carvalho,Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela,Ferrán Catalá-López,Yazan Chaiah,Ana Paula Champs,Jung-Chen Chang,Jee-Young Jasmine Choi,Devasahayam J. Christopher,Cyrus Cooper,Christopher S. Crowe,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Ahmad Daryani,Dragos Virgil Davitoiu,Meaza Girma Degefa,Gebre Teklemariam Demoz,Kebede Deribe,Shirin Djalalinia,Huyen Phuc Do,David Teye Doku,Thomas M Drake,Manisha Dubey,Eleonora Dubljanin,Ziad El-Khatib,Richard Ofori-Asenso,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Alireza Esteghamati,Sadaf Esteghamati,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Mohammad Hosein Farzaei,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Eduarda Fernandes,Garumma Tolu Feyissa,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Takeshi Fukumoto,Morasaleh Ganji,Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé,Abadi Kahsu Gebre,Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot,Kebede Embaye Gezae,Gururaj Gopalkrishna,Alessandra C. Goulart,Juanita A. Haagsma,Arvin Haj-Mirzaian,Arya Haj-Mirzaian,Randah R. Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Josep Maria Haro,Hadi Hassankhani,Hamid Yimam Hassen,Rasmus Havmoeller,Caitlin Hawley,Simon I. Hay,Mohamed I Hegazy,Delia Hendrie,Andualem Henok,Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu,Howard J. Hoffman,Michael K. Hole,Enayatollah Homaie Rad,Seyed Mostafa Hosseini,Sorin Hostiuc,Guoqing Hu,Mamusha Aman Hussen,Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi,Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Sudha Jayaraman,Ravi Prakash Jha,Jost B. Jonas,Kelly Jones,Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari,Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak,Mikk Jürisson,Ali Kabir,Amaha Kahsay,Molla Kahssay,Rizwan Kalani,André Karch,Amir Kasaeian,Getachew Mullu Kassa,Tesfaye Dessale Kassa,Zemenu Yohannes Kassa,Andre Pascal Kengne,Yousef Khader,Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie,Nauman Khalid,Ibrahim A Khalil,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Muhammad Shahzeb Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Habibolah Khazaie,Abdullah T Khoja,Jagdish Khubchandani,Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri,Daniel Kim,Young Eun Kim,Adnan Kisa,Ai Koyanagi,Kristopher J Krohn,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Burcu Kucuk Bicer,G Anil Kumar,Manasi Kumar,Ratilal Lalloo,Faris Lami,Van C. Lansingh,Dennis Odai Laryea,Arman Latifi,Cheru Tesema Leshargie,Miriam Levi,Shanshan Li,Misgan Legesse Liben,Paulo A. Lotufo,Raimundas Lunevicius,Narayan Bahadur Mahotra,Marek Majdan,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Ana-Laura Manda,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Benjamin B. Massenburg,Kedar K V Mate,Man Mohan Mehndiratta,Varshil Mehta,Hagazi Gebre Meles,Addisu Melese,Peter Memiah,Walter Mendoza,Getnet Mengistu,Atte Meretoja,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Tomislav Mestrovic,Tomasz Miazgowski,Ted R. Miller,G.K. Mini,Andreea Mirica,Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,Babak Moazen,Moslem Mohammadi,Shafiu Mohammed,Ali H. Mokdad,Mariam Molokhia,Lorenzo Monasta,Stefania Mondello,Mahmood Moosazadeh,Ghobad Moradi,Mahmoudreza Moradi,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Mehdi Moradinazar,Shane D. Morrison,Marilita M Moschos,Seyyed Meysam Mousavi,Srinivas Murthy,Kamarul Imran Musa,Ghulam Mustafa,Mohsen Naghavi,Gurudatta Naik,Farid Najafi,Vinay Nangia,Bruno Ramos Nascimento,Ionut Negoi,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Yirga Legesse Nirayo,Peter Nyasulu,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,In-Hwan Oh,Anselm Okoro,Andrew T Olagunju,Tinuke O Olagunju,Pedro R. Olivares,Stanislav S. Otstavnov,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Mahesh P A,Smita Pakhale,Achyut Raj Pandey,Konrad Pesudovs,Gabriel David Pinilla-Monsalve,Suzanne Polinder,Hossein Poustchi,Swayam Prakash,Mostafa Qorbani,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Alireza Rafiei,Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,Mahfuzar Rahman,Muhammad Aziz Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Fatemeh Rajati,Usha Ram,David Laith Rawaf,Salman Rawaf,Robert C. Reiner,Cesar Reis,Andre M. N. Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Satar Rezaei,Shahab Rezaeian,Leonardo Roever,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Nobhojit Roy,George Mugambage Ruhago,Basema Saddik,Hosein Safari,Saeid Safiri,Mohammad Ali Sahraian,Payman Salamati,Raphael de Freitas Saldanha,Abdallah M. Samy,Juan Sanabria,João Vasco Santos,Milena M Santric Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Kim Savuon,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,David C. Schwebel,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Hosein Shabaninejad,Masood Ali Shaikh,Mehran Shams-Beyranvand,Mehdi Sharif,Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Jun She,Aziz Sheikh,Jiabin Shen,Kevin N. Sheth,Kenji Shibuya,Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw,Mika Shigematsu,Rahman Shiri,Ivy Shiue,Haitham Shoman,Soraya Siabani,Tariq Jamal Siddiqi,João Pedro Silva,Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira,Dhirendra N Sinha,Mari Smith,Adauto Martins Soares Filho,Soheila Sobhani,Moslem Soofi,Joan B. Soriano,Ireneous N. Soyiri,Dan J. Stein,Mark A. Stokes,Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Bruno F. Sunguya,Jacob E. Sunshine,Bryan L. Sykes,Cassandra Szoeke,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Braden Te Ao,Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle,Mohamad-Hani Temsah,Omar Temsah,Roman Topor-Madry,Miguel Tortajada-Girbés,Bach Xuan Tran,Khanh Bao Tran,Lorainne Tudor Car,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Irfan Ullah,Muhammad Usman,Olalekan A. Uthman,Pascual R. Valdez,Tommi Vasankari,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Francesco Saverio Violante,Fasil Wagnew,Yasir Waheed,Yuan-Pang Wang,Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs,Andrea Werdecker,Tissa Wijeratne,Andrea Sylvia Winkler,Grant M. A. Wyper,Yuichiro Yano,Mehdi Yaseri,Yasin Jemal Yasin,Pengpeng Ye,Ebrahim M Yimer,Paul S. F. Yip,Engida Yisma,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Michael G Yost,Mustafa Z. Younis,Mahmoud Yousefifard,Chuanhua Yu,Zoubida Zaidi,Sojib Bin Zaman,Mohammad Zamani,Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe,Sanjay Zodpey,Valery L. Feigin,Theo Vos,Christopher J L Murray +375 more
TLDR
The incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) from all causes of injury in every country are measured, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury.Abstract:
Summary Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI and SCI by age and sex. We measured the incidence and prevalence of all causes of injury requiring medical care in inpatient and outpatient records, literature studies, and survey data. By use of clinical record data, we estimated the proportion of each cause of injury that required medical care that would result in TBI or SCI being considered as the nature of injury. We used literature studies to establish standardised mortality ratios and applied differential equations to convert incidence to prevalence of long-term disability. Finally, we applied GBD disability weights to calculate YLDs. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling, used cause-specific mortality rates for non-fatal estimation, and adjusted our results for disability experienced with comorbid conditions. We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings In 2016, there were 27·08 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24·30–30·30 million) new cases of TBI and 0·93 million (0·78–1·16 million) new cases of SCI, with age-standardised incidence rates of 369 (331–412) per 100 000 population for TBI and 13 (11–16) per 100 000 for SCI. In 2016, the number of prevalent cases of TBI was 55·50 million (53·40–57·62 million) and of SCI was 27·04 million (24·98–30·15 million). From 1990 to 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of TBI increased by 8·4% (95% UI 7·7 to 9·2), whereas that of SCI did not change significantly (−0·2% [–2·1 to 2·7]). Age-standardised incidence rates increased by 3·6% (1·8 to 5·5) for TBI, but did not change significantly for SCI (−3·6% [–7·4 to 4·0]). TBI caused 8·1 million (95% UI 6·0–10·4 million) YLDs and SCI caused 9·5 million (6·7–12·4 million) YLDs in 2016, corresponding to age-standardised rates of 111 (82–141) per 100 000 for TBI and 130 (90–170) per 100 000 for SCI. Falls and road injuries were the leading causes of new cases of TBI and SCI in most regions. Interpretation TBI and SCI constitute a considerable portion of the global injury burden and are caused primarily by falls and road injuries. The increase in incidence of TBI over time might continue in view of increases in population density, population ageing, and increasing use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The number of individuals living with SCI is expected to increase in view of population growth, which is concerning because of the specialised care that people with SCI can require. Our study was limited by data sparsity in some regions, and it will be important to invest greater resources in collection of data for TBI and SCI to improve the accuracy of future assessments. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Valery L. Feigin,Amanuel Alemu Abajobir,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Foad Abd-Allah,Abdishakur M. Abdulle,Semaw Ferede Abera,Gebre Yitayih Abyu,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Amani Nidhal Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour,Rufus Akinyemi,Rufus Akinyemi,Samer Alabed,Rajaa Al-Raddadi,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Azmeraw T. Amare,Hossein Ansari,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Hamid Asayesh,Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom,Tesfay Mehari Atey,Leticia Avila-Burgos,Euripide Frinel,Euripide Frinel,G. Arthur Avokpaho,Mahmood Reza Azarpazhooh,Aleksandra Barac,Miguel A Barboza,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Till Bärnighausen,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Derrick A Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Adugnaw Berhane,Balem Demtsu Betsu,Soumyadeep Bhaumik,Sait Mentes Birlik,Stan Biryukov,Dube Jara Boneya,Lemma Negesa Bulto Bulto,Hélène Carabin,Daniel C Casey,Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela,Ferrán Catalá-López,Honglei Chen,Abdulaal A Chitheer,Rajiv Chowdhury,Hanne Christensen,Lalit Dandona,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Gabrielle de Veber,Samath D Dharmaratne,Huyen Phuc Do,Klara Dokova,E Ray Dorsey,Richard G. Ellenbogen,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Maryam S. Farvid,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Florian Fischer,Kyle J Foreman,Kyle J Foreman,Johanna M. Geleijnse,Richard F. Gillum,Giorgia Giussani,Ellen M Goldberg,Philimon Gona,Alessandra C. Goulart,Harish Chander Gugnani,Rahul Gupta,Vladimir Hachinski,Rajeev Gupta,Randah R. Hamadeh,Mitiku Teshome Hambisa,Graeme J. Hankey,Habtamu Abera Hareri,Rasmus Havmoeller,Simon I. Hay,Simon I. Hay,Pouria Heydarpour,Peter J. Hotez,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Mehdi Javanbakht,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Jost B. Jonas,Yogeshwar Kalkonde,Amit Kandel,André Karch,Amir Kasaeian,Anshul Kastor,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Yousef Khader,Ibrahim A Khalil,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Abdullah Tawfih,Abdullah T Khoja,Jagdish Khubchandani,Chanda Kulkarni,Daniel Kim,Yun Jin Kim,Mika Kivimäki,Mika Kivimäki,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Soewarta Kosen,Michael Kravchenko,Rita Krishnamurthi,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,G Anil Kumar,Rashmi Kumar,Hmwe H Kyu,Anders Larsson,Pablo M. Lavados,Yongmei Li,Xiaofeng Liang,Misgan Legesse Liben,Warren D. Lo,Warren D. Lo,Giancarlo Logroscino,Paulo A. Lotufo,Clement T. Loy,Mark T Mackay,Mark T Mackay,Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek,Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Treh Manhertz,Lorenzo G. Mantovani,João Massano,Mohsen Mazidi,Colm McAlinden,Suresh Mehata,Man Mohan Mehndiratta,Ziad A. Memish,Walter Mendoza,Mubarek Abera Mengistie,George A. Mensah,Atte Meretoja,Haftay Berhane Mezgebe,Ted R. Miller,Ted R. Miller,Shiva Raj Mishra,Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim,Alireza Mohammadi,Kedir Endris Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Ali H. Mokdad,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Ilais Moreno Velásquez,Kamarul Imran Musa,Mohsen Naghavi,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Vuong Minh Nong,Bo Norrving,Jean Jacques Noubiap,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Jeyaraj D Pandian,P. Parmar,David M. Pereira,Max Petzold,Max Petzold,Michael R. Phillips,Michael R. Phillips,Michael A. Piradov,Richie Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Mostafa Qorbani,Anwar Rafay,Mahfuzar Rahman,Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Sasa Rajsic,Annemarei Ranta,Salman Rawaf,Andre M. N. Renzaho,Mohammad Sadegh Rezai,Gregory A. Roth,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gholamreza Roshandel,Enrico Rubagotti,Perminder S. Sachdev,Saeid Safiri,Ramesh Sahathevan,Mohammad Ali Sahraian,Abdallah M. Samy,Paula Santalucia,Itamar S. Santos,Benn Sartorius,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Mete Saylan,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Masood Ali Shaikh,Raad Shakir,Morteza Shamsizadeh,Kevin N. Sheth,Mika Shigematsu,Mika Shigematsu,Haitham Shoman,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,Mari Smith,Eugene Sobngwi,Luciano A. Sposato,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Dan J. Stein,Dan J. Stein,Timothy J. Steiner,Timothy J. Steiner,Lars Jacob Stovner,Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,Cassandra Szoeke,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,David Tanne,David Tanne,Alice Theadom,Amanda G. Thrift,David L. Tirschwell,Roman Topor-Madry,Roman Topor-Madry,Bach Xuan Tran,Bach Xuan Tran,Thomas Truelsen,Kald Beshir Tuem,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Olalekan A. Uthman,Yuri Y Varakin,Tommi Vasankari,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Fiseha Wadilo,Tolassa Wakayo,Mitchell T. Wallin,Mitchell T. Wallin,Elisabete Weiderpass,Ronny Westerman,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Minyahil Alebachew Woldu,Minyahil Alebachew Woldu,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Yuichiro Yano,Hassen Hamid Yimam,Naohiro Yonemoto,Chuanhua Yu,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Joseph R. Zunt,Christopher J L Murray,Theo Vos +270 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) study provides such information but does not routinely aggregate results that are of interest to clinicians specialising in neurological conditions as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Moving beyond the glial scar for spinal cord repair.
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding the composition and phenotypic characteristics of the spinal injury scar are discussed, the oversimplification of defining the scar in binary terms as good or bad, and the development of therapeutic approaches to target scar components to enable improved functional outcome after spinal cord injury are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global burden of neurological disorders: translating evidence into policy.
Valery L. Feigin,Theo Vos,Emma Nichols,Mayowa O. Owolabi,William M. Carroll,Martin Dichgans,Günther Deuschl,Priya Parmar,Michael Brainin,Christopher J L Murray +9 more
TL;DR: In the past 30 years, the absolute numbers of deaths and people with disabilities owing to neurological diseases have risen substantially, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, and further increases are expected globally as a result of population growth and ageing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Burden of Neurological Disorders Across the US From 1990-2017: A Global Burden of Disease Study
Valery L. Feigin,Valery L. Feigin,Theo Vos,Theo Vos,Fares Alahdab,Arianna Maever L. Amit,Arianna Maever L. Amit,Till Bärnighausen,Till Bärnighausen,Ettore Beghi,Mahya Beheshti,Prachi Chavan,Michael H. Criqui,Rupak Desai,Samath D Dharmaratne,Samath D Dharmaratne,Samath D Dharmaratne,E. Ray Dorsey,Arielle Wilder Eagan,Arielle Wilder Eagan,Islam Y. Elgendy,Irina Filip,Irina Filip,Simona Giampaoli,Giorgia Giussani,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Michael K. Hole,Takayoshi Ikeda,Catherine O. Johnson,Rizwan Kalani,Khaled Khatab,Khaled Khatab,Jagdish Khubchandani,Daniel Kim,Walter J. Koroshetz,Vijay Krishnamoorthy,Vijay Krishnamoorthy,Rita Krishnamurthi,Xuefeng Liu,Warren D. Lo,Warren D. Lo,Giancarlo Logroscino,George A. Mensah,George A. Mensah,Ted R. Miller,Ted R. Miller,Salahuddin Mohammed,Salahuddin Mohammed,Ali H. Mokdad,Ali H. Mokdad,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Shane D. Morrison,Veeresh Kumar N. Shivamurthy,Mohsen Naghavi,Mohsen Naghavi,Emma Nichols,Bo Norrving,Christopher M Odell,Elisabetta Pupillo,Amir Radfar,Gregory A. Roth,Gregory A. Roth,Azadeh Shafieesabet,Aziz Sheikh,Aziz Sheikh,Sara Sheikhbahaei,Jae Il Shin,Jasvinder A. Singh,Jasvinder A. Singh,Timothy J. Steiner,Timothy J. Steiner,Lars Jacob Stovner,Mitchell T. Wallin,Mitchell T. Wallin,Jordan Weiss,Chenkai Wu,Joseph R. Zunt,Jaimie D. Adelson,Christopher J L Murray,Christopher J L Murray +80 more
TL;DR: A large and increasing number of people have various neurological disorders in the US, with significant variation in the burden of and trends in neurological disorders across the US states, and the reasons for these geographic variations need to be explored further.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transplantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Immobilized in an Adhesive Hydrogel for Effective Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
TL;DR: The Exo-pGel therapy presents a promissing strategy for effective treatment of central nervous system diseases based on exosome implantation and elicits significant nerve recovery and urinary tissue preservation by effectively mitigating inflammation and oxidation.
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Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Al Artaman,Krishna Kumar Aryal,Hamid Asayesh,Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom,Reza Assadi,Tesfay Mehari Atey,Niguse Tadele Atnafu,Sachin R Atre,Leticia Avila-Burgos,Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokphako,Ashish Awasthi,Umar Bacha,Alaa Badawi,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Amitava Banerjee,Marlena S Bannick,Aleksandra Barac,Ryan M Barber,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Simón Barquera,Lars Barregard,Lope H Barrero,Sanjay Basu,Bob Battista,Katherine E Battle,Bernhard T. Baune,Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi,Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Yannick Béjot,Bayu Begashaw Bekele,Michelle L. Bell,Derrick A Bennett,Isabela M. 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Christopher,Liliana G Ciobanu,Massimo Cirillo,Danny Colombara,Cyrus Cooper,Paolo Cortesi,Michael H. Criqui,John A. Crump,Abel Fekadu Dadi,Koustuv Dalal,Lalit Dandona,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,José Neves,Dragos Virgil Davitoiu,Barbora de Courten,Diego De Leo,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Louisa Degenhardt,Louisa Degenhardt,Selina Deiparine,Robert P. Dellavalle,Robert P. Dellavalle,Kebede Deribe,Don C. Des Jarlais,Subhojit Dey,Samath D Dharmaratne,Samath D Dharmaratne,Preet Kaur Dhillon,Daniel Dicker,Eric L. Ding,Shirin Djalalinia,Huyen Phuc Do,E. Ray Dorsey,Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos,Dirk Douwes-Schultz,Kerrie E. Doyle,Tim Driscoll,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Bartholow Duncan,Ziad El-Khatib,Jerisha Ellerstrand,Ahmad Ali Enayati,Aman Yesuf Endries,Sergey Petrovich Ermakov,Holly E. Erskine,Babak Eshrati,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Alireza Esteghamati,Kara Estep,Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel,Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Mir Sohail Fazeli,Valery L. Feigin,Valery L. Feigin,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,João C. Fernandes,Alize J. Ferrari,Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Christina Fitzmaurice,Abraham D Flaxman,Luisa Sorio Flor,Nataliya Foigt,Kyle J Foreman,Richard C. Franklin,Nancy Fullman,Thomas Fürst,João M. Furtado,Neal D. Futran,Emmanuela Gakidou,Morsaleh Ganji,Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro,Teshome Gebre,Teshome Gebre,Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot,Ayele Geleto,Ayele Geleto,Bikila Lencha Gemechu,Hailay Abrha Gesesew,Peter W. Gething,Alireza Ghajar,Katherine B Gibney,Paramjit Gill,Richard F. Gillum,Richard F. Gillum,Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi,Ababi Zergaw Giref,Melkamu Dedefo Gishu,Giorgia Giussani,William W Godwin,Audra L Gold,Ellen M Goldberg,Philimon Gona,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Atsushi Goto,Alessandra C. Goulart,Max Griswold,Harish Chander Gugnani,Rashmi Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Tanush Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Gessessew Bugssa Hailu,Alemayehu Hailu,Randah R. Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Alexis J Handal,Graeme J. Hankey,Graeme J. Hankey,Sarah Wulf Hanson,Yuantao Hao,Hilda L Harb,Habtamu Abera Hareri,Josep Maria Haro,James D. Harvey,Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand,Rasmus Havmoeller,Caitlin Hawley,Simon I. Hay,Roderick J. Hay,Nathaniel J Henry,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Julio C. Montañez Hernandez,Pouria Heydarpour,Hans W. Hoek,Howard J. Hoffman,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Dean Hosgood,Sorin Hostiuc,Peter J. Hotez,Damian G Hoy,Aung Soe Htet,Guoqing Hu,Hsiang Huang,Chantal Huynh,Kim Moesgaard Iburg,Ehimario U. Igumbor,Chad Ikeda,Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Simerjot K Jassal,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha P Jayaraman,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Paul N. Jensen,Vivekanand Jha,Vivekanand Jha,Guohong Jiang,Denny John,Sarah Charlotte Johnson,Catherine O. Johnson,Jost B. Jonas,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Rajendra Kadel,Amaha Kahsay,Ritul Kamal,Haidong Kan,Nadim E. Karam,André Karch,Corine Karema,Amir Kasaeian,Getachew Mullu Kassa,Nigussie Assefa Kassaw,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Anshul Kastor,Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Andre Pascal Kengne,Andre Keren,Yousef Khader,Ibrahim A Khalil,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Ardeshir Khosravi,Jagdish Khubchandani,Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri,Christian Kieling,Yun Jin Kim,Daniel Kim,Pauline Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Adnan Kisa,Adnan Kisa,Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek,Mika Kivimäki,Ann Kristin Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Dhaval Kolte,Jacek A Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Sanjay Krishnaswami,Kristopher J Krohn,G Anil Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Sanjiv Kumar,Hmwe H Kyu,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Nkurunziza Lambert,Qing Lan,Anders Larsson,Pablo M Lavados,Janet L Leasher,Paul H. Lee,Jong-Tae Lee,James Leigh,Cheru Tesema Leshargie,Janni Leung,Ricky Leung,Miriam Levi,Yichong Li,Yongmei Li,Darya Li Kappe,Xiaofeng Liang,Misgan Legesse Liben,Stephen S Lim,Shai Linn,Patrick Y Liu,Angela Liu,Shiwei Liu,Yang Liu,Rakesh Lodha,Giancarlo Logroscino,Stephanie J. London,Katharine J Looker,Alan D. Lopez,Alan D. Lopez,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo A. Lotufo,Nicola Low,Rafael Lozano,Tim C.D. Lucas,Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan,Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek,Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Mahdi Mahdavi,Marek Majdan,Reza Majdzadeh,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Reza Malekzadeh,Rajesh Malhotra,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Abdullah Al Mamun,Helena Manguerra,Treh Manhertz,Ana Mantilla,Lorenzo G. Mantovani,Chabila C Mapoma,Laurie B. Marczak,Jose Martinez-Raga,Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo,Ira Martopullo,Winfried März,Manu Raj Mathur,Mohsen Mazidi,Colm McAlinden,Madeline McGaughey,John J. McGrath,John J. McGrath,Martin McKee,Claire McNellan,Suresh Mehata,Man Mohan Mehndiratta,Tefera Chane Mekonnen,Peter Memiah,Ziad A. Memish,Walter Mendoza,Mubarek Abera Mengistie,Desalegn Tadese Mengistu,George A. Mensah,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Atte Meretoja,Haftay Berhane Mezgebe,Renata Micha,Anoushka Millear,Ted R. Miller,Ted R. Miller,Edward J Mills,Mojde Mirarefin,Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,Awoke Misganaw,Shiva Raj Mishra,Philip B. Mitchell,Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad,Alireza Mohammadi,Kedir Endris Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Sanjay K. Mohanty,Ali H. Mokdad,Sarah K Mollenkopf,Lorenzo Monasta,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Paula Moraga,Rintaro Mori,Chloe Morozoff,Shane D. Morrison,Mark Moses,Cliff Mountjoy-Venning,Kalayu Birhane Mruts,Ulrich O Mueller,Kate Muller,M. E. Murdoch,Gudlavalleti V S Murthy,Kamarul Imran Musa,Jean B. Nachega,Gabriele Nagel,Mohsen Naghavi,Aliya Naheed,Kovin Naidoo,Luigi Naldi,Vinay Nangia,Gopalakrishnan Natarajan,Dumessa Edessa Negasa,Ruxandra Irina Negoi,Ionut Negoi,Charles R. Newton,Charles R. Newton,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Minh Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Sandra Nolte,Vuong Minh Nong,Bo Norrving,Jean Jacques Noubiap,Martin O'Donnell,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,In-Hwan Oh,Anselm Okoro,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Tinuke O Olagunju,Andrew T Olagunju,Andrew T Olagunju,Helen E Olsen,Bolajoko O. Olusanya,Jacob Olusegun Olusanya,Kanyin Ong,John Nelson Opio,Eyal Oren,Eyal Oren,Alberto Ortiz,Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman,Majdi Osman,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Mahesh Pa,Rosana E. Pacella,Adrian Pana,Basant Kumar Panda,Christina Papachristou,Christina Papachristou,Eun-Kee Park,Charles D. H. Parry,Mahboubeh Parsaeian,Scott B. Patten,George C Patton,Katherine R. Paulson,Neil Pearce,David M. Pereira,David M. Pereira,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Carrie Beth Peterson,Max Petzold,Michael R. Phillips,David M. Pigott,Julian David Pillay,Christine Pinho,Dietrich Plass,Martin A Pletcher,Svetlana Popova,Richie Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Noela M Prasad,Narayan Prasad,Carrie Purcell,Mostafa Qorbani,Reginald Quansah,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Rynaz H S Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Kazem Rahimi,Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Sasa Rajsic,Usha Ram,Chhabi Lal Ranabhat,Zane Rankin,Puja C Rao,P. V. Rao,Salman Rawaf,Sarah E Ray,Robert C. Reiner,Nikolas Reinig,Marissa B Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Andre M. N. Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Satar Rezaei,Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory A. Roth,Ambuj Roy,Enrico Rubagotti,George Mugambage Ruhago,Soheil Saadat,Nafis Sadat,Mahdi Safdarian,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Ramesh Sahathevan,Joseph Salama,Huda Omer Ba Saleem,Joshua A. Salomon,Sundeep Salvi,Abdallah M. Samy,Juan Sanabria,Juan Sanabria,Damian Santomauro,Itamar S. Santos,João Vasco Santos,Milena M Santric Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Sonia Saxena,Maria Inês Schmidt,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,Ben Schöttker,David C. Schwebel,Falk Schwendicke,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Edson Serván-Mori,Tesfaye Setegn,Katya Anne Shackelford,Amira Shaheen,Masood Ali Shaikh,Mansour Shamsipour,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Jayendra Sharma,Rajesh Sharma,Jun She,Peilin Shi,Chloe Shields,Girma Temam Shifa,Mika Shigematsu,Yukito Shinohara,Rahman Shiri,Reza Shirkoohi,Shreya Shirude,Kawkab Shishani,Mark G. Shrime,Abla M. Sibai,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,João Pedro Silva,Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira,Jasvinder A. Singh,Narinder Pal Singh,Dhirendra N Sinha,Eirini Skiadaresi,Vegard Skirbekk,Erica Leigh Slepak,Amber Sligar,David L. Smith,Mari Smith,Badr Hasan Sobaih,Eugene Sobngwi,Reed J D Sorensen,Tatiane Cristina Moraes Sousa,Luciano A. Sposato,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Vinay Srinivasan,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Vasiliki Stathopoulou,Nicholas Steel,Murray B. Stein,Dan J. Stein,Dan J. Stein,Timothy J. Steiner,Timothy J. Steiner,Caitlyn Steiner,S. Steinke,S. Steinke,Mark A. Stokes,Lars Jacob Stovner,Bryan Strub,Michelle L Subart,Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Bruno F. Sunguya,Bruno F. Sunguya,Patrick J Sur,Patrick J Sur,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan L. Sykes,Dillon O Sylte,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Getachew Redae Taffere,Jukka Takala,Nikhil Tandon,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Nuno Taveira,Hugh R. Taylor,Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,Tesfalidet Tekelab,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,Dawit Jember Tesfaye,Belay Tesssema,Ornwipa Thamsuwan,Katie E Thomas,Amanda G. Thrift,Tenaw Yimer Tiruye,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Mette Christophersen Tollånes,Mette Christophersen Tollånes,Marcello Tonelli,Roman Topor-Madry,Roman Topor-Madry,Miguel Tortajada,Mathilde Touvier,Bach Xuan Tran,Suryakant Tripathi,Christopher Troeger,Thomas Truelsen,Derrick Tsoi,Kald Beshir Tuem,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Chigozie Jesse Uneke,Rachel L Updike,Olalekan A. Uthman,Benjamin S Chudi Uzochukwu,Job F M van Boven,Santosh Varughese,Tommi Vasankari,S Venkatesh,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Ramesh Vidavalur,Francesco Saverio Violante,Sergey K Vladimirov,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Fiseha Wadilo,Tolassa Wakayo,Tolassa Wakayo,Yuan-Pang Wang,Marcia R. Weaver,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Rachel Woodbrook,Anthony D. Woolf,Abdulhalik Workicho,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Simon Yadgir,Mohsen Yaghoubi,Bereket Yakob,Lijing L Yan,Yuichiro Yano,Pengpeng Ye,Hassen Hamid Yimam,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Marcel Yotebieng,Mustafa Z. Younis,Mustafa Z. Younis,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Elias Asfaw Zegeye,Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe,Xueying Zhang,Maigeng Zhou,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Liesl Zühlke,Christopher J L Murray +778 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.
Journal ArticleDOI
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Theo Vos,Abraham D. Flaxman,Mohsen Naghavi,Rafael Lozano,Catherine Michaud,Majid Ezzati,Kenji Shibuya,Joshua A. Salomon,Safa Abdalla,Victor Aboyans,Jerry Abraham,Ilana N. Ackerman,Rakesh Aggarwal,Stephanie Y. Ahn,Mohammed K. Ali,Mohammad A. AlMazroa,Miriam Alvarado,H. Ross Anderson,Laurie M. Anderson,Kathryn G. Andrews,Charles Atkinson,Larry M. Baddour,Adil N. Bahalim,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Lope H Barrero,David Bartels,María-Gloria Basáñez,Amanda J Baxter,Michelle L. Bell,Emelia J. Benjamin,Derrick A Bennett,Eduardo Bernabé,Kavi Bhalla,Bishal Bhandari,Boris Bikbov,Aref A. Bin Abdulhak,Gretchen L. Birbeck,James A. Black,Hannah Blencowe,Jed D. Blore,Fiona M. Blyth,Ian Bolliger,Audrey Bonaventure,Soufiane Boufous,Rupert R A Bourne,Michel Boussinesq,Tasanee Braithwaite,Carol Brayne,Lisa Bridgett,Simon Brooker,Peter Brooks,Traolach S. Brugha,Claire Bryan-Hancock,Chiara Bucello,Rachelle Buchbinder,Geoffrey Buckle,Christine M. Budke,Michael Burch,Peter Burney,Roy Burstein,Bianca Calabria,Benjamin L. Campbell,Charles E. Canter,Hélène Carabin,Jonathan R. Carapetis,Loreto Carmona,Claudia Cella,Fiona J Charlson,Honglei Chen,Andrew T. A. Cheng,David Chou,Sumeet S. Chugh,Luc E. Coffeng,Steven D. Colan,Samantha M. Colquhoun,K. Ellicott Colson,John R. Condon,Myles Connor,Myles Connor,Myles Connor,Leslie T. Cooper,Matthew A. Corriere,Monica Cortinovis,Karen Courville De Vaccaro,William G. Couser,Benjamin C Cowie,Michael H. Criqui,Marita Cross,Kaustubh Dabhadkar,Manu Dahiya,Nabila Dahodwala,James Damsere-Derry,Goodarz Danaei,Adrian Davis,Diego De Leo,Louisa Degenhardt,Robert P. Dellavalle,Allyne Delossantos,Julie O. Denenberg,Sarah Derrett,Don C. Des Jarlais,Samath D Dharmaratne,Samath D Dharmaratne,Mukesh Dherani,Cesar Diaz-Torne,Helen Dolk,E. Ray Dorsey,Tim Driscoll,Herbert C. Duber,Beth E. Ebel,Karen Edmond,Alexis Elbaz,S. Ali,Holly E. Erskine,Patricia J. Erwin,Patricia Espindola,Stalin E. Ewoigbokhan,Farshad Farzadfar,Valery L. Feigin,David T. Felson,Alize J. Ferrari,Cleusa P. Ferri,Eric M. Fèvre,Mariel M. Finucane,Seth Flaxman,Louise Flood,Kyle J Foreman,Mohammad H. Forouzanfar,F.G.R. Fowkes,Richard C. Franklin,Richard C. Franklin,Marlene Fransen,Michael Freeman,Belinda J. Gabbe,Sherine E. Gabriel,Emmanuela Gakidou,Hammad A. Ganatra,Bianca Garcia,Flavio Gaspari,Richard F. Gillum,Gerhard Gmel,Richard A. Gosselin,Rebecca Grainger,Justina Groeger,Francis Guillemin,David Gunnell,R Gupta,Juanita A. Haagsma,Holly Hagan,Yara A. Halasa,Wayne Hall,Diana Haring,Josep Maria Haro,James Harrison,Rasmus Havmoeller,Roderick J. Hay,Hideki Higashi,Christopher Hill,Bruno Hoen,Howard J. Hoffman,Peter J. Hotez,Damian G Hoy,John J Huang,Sydney E. Ibeanusi,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Spencer L. James,Deborah Jarvis,Rashmi Jasrasaria,Sudha Jayaraman,Nicole E. Johns,Jost B. Jonas,Ganesan Karthikeyan,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Norito Kawakami,Andre Keren,Jon Paul Khoo,Charles H. King,Lisa M. Knowlton,Olive Kobusingye,Olive Kobusingye,Adofo Koranteng,Rita Krishnamurthi,Ratilal Lalloo,Laura L Laslett,Tim Lathlean,Janet L Leasher,Yong Yi Lee,James Leigh,Stephen S Lim,Elizabeth S Limb,John K Lin,Michael S Lipnick,Steven E. Lipshultz,Wei Liu,Maria Loane,Summer Lockett Ohno,Ronan A Lyons,Jixiang Ma,Jacqueline Mabweijano,Michael F. MacIntyre,Reza Malekzadeh,Leslie Mallinger,Sivabalan Manivannan,Wagner Marcenes,Lyn March,David J. Margolis,Guy B. Marks,Robin Marks,Akira Matsumori,Richard Matzopoulos,Richard Matzopoulos,Bongani M. Mayosi,John H. McAnulty,Mary M. McDermott,Neil McGill,John J. McGrath,María Elena Medina-Mora,Michele Meltzer,Ziad A. Memish,George A. Mensah,Tony R. Merriman,Ana-Claire Meyer,Valeria Miglioli,Matthew J. Miller,Ted R. Miller,Philip B. Mitchell,Ana Olga Mocumbi,Terrie E. Moffitt,Ali A. Mokdad,Lorenzo Monasta,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Andrew E. Moran,Lidia Morawska,Rintaro Mori,Michele E. Murdoch,Michael K Mwaniki,Kovin Naidoo,M. Nathan Nair,Luigi Naldi,K.M. Venkat Narayan,Paul K. Nelson,Robert G. Nelson,Michael C. Nevitt,Charles R. Newton,Sandra Nolte,Paul Norman,Rosana E. Norman,Martin O'Donnell,Simon J. O’Hanlon,Casey Olives,Saad B. Omer,Katrina F Ortblad,Richard H. Osborne,Doruk Ozgediz,Andrew Page,Bishnu Pahari,Jeyaraj D Pandian,Andrea Panozo Rivero,Scott B. Patten,Neil Pearce,Rogelio Perez Padilla,Fernando Perez-Ruiz,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,David Phillips,Michael R. Phillips,Kelsey Pierce,Sébastien D. S. Pion,Guilherme V. Polanczyk,Suzanne Polinder,C. Arden Pope,Svetlana Popova,Esteban Porrini,Farshad Pourmalek,Martin Prince,Rachel L. Pullan,Kapa D. Ramaiah,Dharani Ranganathan,Homie Razavi,Mathilda Regan,Jürgen Rehm,David B. Rein,G. Remuzzi,Kathryn Richardson,Frederick P. Rivara,Thomas Roberts,Carolyn Robinson,Felipe Rodriguez De Leòn,Luca Ronfani,Robin Room,Lisa C. Rosenfeld,Lesley Rushton,Ralph L. Sacco,Sukanta Saha,Uchechukwu Sampson,Lidia Sanchez-Riera,Ella Sanman,David C. Schwebel,James Scott,Maria Segui-Gomez,Saeid Shahraz,Donald S. Shepard,Hwashin Shin,Rupak Shivakoti,Donald H. Silberberg,David Singh,Gitanjali M Singh,Jasvinder A. Singh,Jessica Singleton,David A. Sleet,Karen Sliwa,Emma Smith,Jennifer L. Smith,Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg,Andrew C Steer,Timothy J. Steiner,Wilma A. Stolk,Lars Jacob Stovner,Christopher R. Sudfeld,Sana Syed,Giorgio Tamburlini,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Hugh R. Taylor,Jennifer A. Taylor,William J. Taylor,Bernadette Thomas,W. Murray Thomson,George D. Thurston,Imad M. Tleyjeh,Marcello Tonelli,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Thomas Truelsen,Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris,Clotilde Ubeda,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Marieke J. van der Werf,Jim van Os,Monica S. Vavilala,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Mengru Wang,Wenzhi Wang,Kerrianne Watt,David Weatherall,Martin A. Weinstock,Robert G. Weintraub,Marc G. Weisskopf,Myrna M. Weissman,Richard A. White,Harvey Whiteford,Steven T. Wiersma,James D. Wilkinson,Hywel C Williams,Sean R.M. Williams,Emma Witt,Frederick Wolfe,Anthony D. Woolf,Sarah Wulf,Pon Hsiu Yeh,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Zhi Jie Zheng,David Zonies,Alan D. Lopez,Christopher J L Murray +363 more
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Mohammad H Forouzanfar,Ashkan Afshin,Lily Alexander,H. Ross Anderson,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Stan Biryukov,Michael Brauer,Richard T. Burnett,Kelly Cercy,Fiona J Charlson,Aaron Cohen,Lalit Dandona,Kara Estep,Alize J. Ferrari,Joseph Frostad,Nancy Fullman,Peter W. Gething,William W Godwin,Max Griswold,Simon I. Hay,Yohannes Kinfu,Hmwe H Kyu,Heidi J. Larson,Xiaofeng Liang,Stephen S Lim,Patrick Liu,Alan D. Lopez,Rafael Lozano,Laurie B. Marczak,George A. Mensah,Ali H. Mokdad,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Mohsen Naghavi,Bruce Neal,Marissa B Reitsma,Gregory A. Roth,Joshua A. Salomon,Patrick J Sur,Theo Vos,Joseph A Wagner,Haidong Wang,Yi Zhao,Maigeng Zhou,Gunn Marit Aasvang,Amanuel Alemu Abajobir,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Foad Abd-Allah,Abdishakur M. Abdulle,Semaw Ferede Abera,Biju Abraham,Laith J. Abu-Raddad,Gebre Yitayih Abyu,Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi,Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji,Zanfina Ademi,Arsène Kouablan Adou,Jose C. Adsuar,Emilie Agardh,Arnav Agarwal,Anurag Agrawal,Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri,Oluremi N Ajala,Tomi Akinyemiju,Ziyad Al-Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Saleh F. Aldhahri,Robert W Aldridge,Zewdie Aderaw Alemu,Raghib Ali,Ala'a Alkerwi,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Ubai Alsharif,Khalid A Altirkawi,Elena Alvarez Martin,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Azmeraw T. Amare,Alemayehu Amberbir,Adeladza Kofi Amegah,Heresh Amini,Walid Ammar,Stephen M. Amrock,Hjalte Holm Andersen,Benjamin O. Anderson,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Al Artaman,Hamid Asayesh,Rana Jawad Asghar,Reza Assadi,Suleman Atique,Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho,Ashish Awasthi,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Peter Azzopardi,Umar Bacha,Alaa Badawi,Maria Cecilia Bahit,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Aleksandra Barac,Ryan M Barber,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Simón Barquera,Lars Barregard,Lope H Barrero,Sanjay Basu,Carolina Batis,Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Brent Bell,Michelle L. Bell,Aminu K. Bello,Derrick A Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Adugnaw Berhane,Eduardo Bernabé,Balem Demtsu Betsu,Addisu Shunu Beyene,Neeraj Bhala,Anil Bhansali,Samir Bhatt,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Boris Bikbov,Donal Bisanzio,Espen Bjertness,Jed D. Blore,Rohan Borschmann,Soufiane Boufous,Rupert R A Bourne,Michael Brainin,Alexandra Brazinova,Nicholas J K Breitborde,Hermann Brenner,David M. Broday,Traolach S. Brugha,Bert Brunekreef,Zahid A Butt,Leah E. Cahill,Bianca Calabria,Ismael R. Campos-Nonato,Rosario Cárdenas,David O. Carpenter,Juan Jesus Carrero,Daniel C Casey,Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela,Jacqueline Castillo Rivas,Ruben Castro,Ferrán Catalá-López,Jung-Chen Chang,Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang,Mirriam Chibalabala,Odgerel Chimed-Ochir,Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa,Abdulaal A Chitheer,Jee-Young Jasmine Choi,Hanne Christensen,Devasahayam J. Christopher,Liliana G Ciobanu,Matthew M Coates,Samantha M. Colquhoun,Alejandra G Contreras Manzano,Leslie T. Cooper,Kimberly Cooperrider,Leslie Cornaby,Monica Cortinovis,John A. Crump,Lucía Cuevas-Nasu,Albertino Damasceno,Rakhi Dandona,Sarah C. Darby,Paul I. Dargan,José Neves,Adrian Davis,Kairat Davletov,E Filipa de Castro,Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora,Diego De Leo,Louisa Degenhardt,Liana C Del Gobbo,Borja del Pozo-Cruz,Robert P. Dellavalle,Amare Deribew,Don C. Des Jarlais,Samath D Dharmaratne,Preet K Dhillon,Cesar Diaz-Torne,Daniel Dicker,Eric L. Ding,E. Ray Dorsey,Kerrie E. Doyle,Tim Driscoll,Leilei Duan,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Bartholow Duncan,Iqbal R. F. Elyazar,Aman Yesuf Endries,Sergey Petrovich Ermakov,Holly E. Erskine,Babak Eshrati,Alireza Esteghamati,Saman Fahimi,Emerito Jose A. Faraon,Talha Farid,Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha,André Faro,Maryam S. Farvid,Farshad Farzadfar,Valery L. Feigin,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Jefferson G Fernandes,Florian Fischer,Joseph R Fitchett,Thomas Fleming,Nataliya Foigt,Kyle J Foreman,F Gerry R Fowkes,Richard C. Franklin,Thomas Fürst,Neal D. Futran,Emmanuela Gakidou,Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro,Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot,Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin,Johanna M. Geleijnse,Bradford D. Gessner,Ababi Zergaw Giref,Maurice Giroud,Melkamu Dedefo Gishu,Giorgia Giussani,Shifalika Goenka,Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera,Héctor Gómez-Dantés,Philimon Gona,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Carolyn C. Gotay,Atsushi Goto,Hebe N. Gouda,Harish Chander Gugnani,Francis Guillemin,Yuming Guo,Rashmi Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Reyna A Gutiérrez,Juanita A. Haagsma,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Demewoz Haile,Gessessew Bugssa Hailu,Yara A. Halasa,Randah R. Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Alexis J Handal,Graeme J. Hankey,Yuantao Hao,Hilda L Harb,Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan,Josep Maria Haro,Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand,Tahir Ahmed Hassen,Rasmus Havmoeller,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Norberto Francisco Hernández-Llanes,Pouria Heydarpour,Hans W. Hoek,Howard J. Hoffman,Masako Horino,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Dean Hosgood,Damian G Hoy,Mohamed Hsairi,Aung Soe Htet,Guoqing Hu,John J Huang,Abdullatif Husseini,Sally Hutchings,Inge Huybrechts,Kim Moesgaard Iburg,Bulat Idrisov,Bogdan Vasile Ileanu,Manami Inoue,Troy Jacobs,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Henrica A. F. M. Jansen,Simerjot K. Jassal,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha Jayaraman,Achala Upendra Jayatilleke,Sun Ha Jee,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Vivekanand Jha,Ying Jiang,Tariku Jibat,Ye Jin,Catherine O. Johnson,Jost B. Jonas,Zubair Kabir,Yogeshwar Kalkonde,Ritul Kamal,Haidong Kan,André Karch,Corine Karema,Chante Karimkhani,Amir Kasaeian,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Dhruv S. Kazi,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Laura Kemmer,Andrew H. Kemp,Andre Pascal Kengne,Andre Keren,Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran,Yousef Khader,Abdur Rahman Khan,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Gulfaraz Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Shahab Khatibzadeh,Sahil Khera,Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja,Jagdish Khubchandani,Christian Kieling,Cho-il Kim,Daniel Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Niranjan Kissoon,Miia Kivipelto,Luke D. Knibbs,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Jacek A Kopec,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Hans Kromhout,Hans Krueger,Tiffany Ku,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Ricardo de Souza Kuchenbecker,Burcu Kucuk Bicer,Ernst J Kuipers,G Anil Kumar,Gene F. Kwan,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Tea Lallukka,Qing Lan,Anders Larsson,Asma Abdul Latif,Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz,Janet L Leasher,James Leigh,Janni Leung,Miriam Levi,Xiaohong Li,Yichong Li,Juan Liang,Shiwei Liu,Belinda K Lloyd,Giancarlo Logroscino,Paulo A. Lotufo,Raimundas Lunevicius,Michael F. MacIntyre,Mahdi Mahdavi,Marek Majdan,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Wondimu Ayele Manamo,Chabila C Mapoma,Wagner Marcenes,Randall V. Martin,Jose Martinez-Raga,Felix Masiye,Kunihiro Matsushita,Richard Matzopoulos,Bongani M. Mayosi,John J. McGrath,Martin McKee,Peter A. Meaney,Catalina Medina,Alem Mehari,Fabiola Mejía-Rodríguez,Alemayehu B. Mekonnen,Yohannes Adama Melaku,Ziad A. Memish,Walter Mendoza,Gert B. M. Mensink,Atte Meretoja,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Yonatan Moges Mesfin,Francis Apolinary Mhimbira,Anoushka Millear,Ted R. Miller,Edward J Mills,Mojde Mirarefin,Awoke Misganaw,Charles N Mock,Alireza Mohammadi,Shafiu Mohammed,Glen Mola,Lorenzo Monasta,Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez,Marcella Montico,Lidia Morawska,Rintaro Mori,Dariush Mozaffarian,Ulrich O Mueller,Erin C Mullany,John Everett Mumford,Gudlavalleti V S Murthy,Jean B. Nachega,Aliya Naheed,Vinay Nangia,Nariman Nassiri,John N Newton,Marie Ng,Quyen Nguyen,Muhammad Imran Nisar,Patrick Martial Nkamedjie Pete,Ole Frithjof Norheim,Rosana E. Norman,Bo Norrving,Luke Nyakarahuka,Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,In-Hwan Oh,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Pedro R. Olivares,Helen E Olsen,Bolajoko O. Olusanya,Jacob Olusegun Olusanya,John Nelson Opio,Eyal Oren,Ricardo Orozco,Alberto Ortiz,Erika Ota,Mahesh Pa,Adrian Pana,Eun-Kee Park,Charles D. H. Parry,Mahboubeh Parsaeian,Tejas Patel,Angel J Paternina Caicedo,Snehal Patil,Scott B. Patten,George C Patton,Neil Pearce,David M. Pereira,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Max Petzold,Michael R. Phillips,Frédéric B. Piel,Julian David Pillay,Dietrich Plass,Suzanne Polinder,Constance D. Pond,C. Arden Pope,Daniel Pope,Svetlana Popova,Richie G Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Noela M Prasad,Mostafa Qorbani,Rynaz H S Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,Mahfuzar Rahman,Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman,Sajjad Ur Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Sasa Rajsic,Murugesan Raju,Usha Ram,Saleem M Rana,Kavitha Ranganathan,Puja Rao,Christian Aspacia Razo García,Amany H Refaat,Colin D. Rehm,Jürgen Rehm,Nikolas Reinig,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Serge Resnikoff,Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,Juan A Rivera,Hirbo Shore Roba,Alina Rodriguez,Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez,David Rojas-Rueda,Yesenia Roman,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Dietrich Rothenbacher,Ambuj Roy,Muhammad Muhammad Saleh,Juan Sanabria,Lidia Sanchez-Riera,Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño,Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta,Logan Sandar,Damian Santomauro,Itamar S. Santos,Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Miloje Savic,Monika Sawhney,Josef Schmidhuber,Maria Inês Schmidt,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,Ben Schöttker,Aletta E. Schutte,David C. Schwebel,James Scott,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Edson Serván-Mori,Gavin Shaddick,Amira Shaheen,Saeid Shahraz,Masood Ali Shaikh,Teresa Shamah Levy,Rajesh Sharma,Jun She,Sara Sheikhbahaei,Jiabin Shen,Kevin N. Sheth,Peilin Shi,Kenji Shibuya,Mika Shigematsu,Min-Jeong Shin,Rahman Shiri,Kawkab Shishani,Ivy Shiue,Mark G. Shrime,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira,Jonathan I. Silverberg,Edgar P. Simard,Shireen Sindi,Abhishek Singh,Jasvinder A. Singh,Prashant Singh,Erica Leigh Slepak,Michael Soljak,Samir Soneji,Reed J D Sorensen,Luciano A. Sposato,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Vasiliki Stathopoulou,Nadine Steckling,Nicholas Steel,Dan J. Stein,Murray B. Stein,Heidi Stöckl,Saverio Stranges,Konstantinos Stroumpoulis,Bruno F. Sunguya,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan L. Sykes,Cassandra Szoeke,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Ken Takahashi,Roberto Tchio Talongwa,Nikhil Tandon,David Tanne,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Belaynew Wasie Taye,Hugh R. Taylor,Bemnet Amare Tedla,Worku Tefera,Teketo Kassaw Tegegne,Dejen Yemane Tekle,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,JS Thakur,Bernadette Thomas,Matthew L. Thomas,Alan J Thomson,Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman,Amanda G. Thrift,George D Thurston,Taavi Tillmann,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Myriam Tobollik,Roman Topor-Madry,Fotis Topouzis,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Bach Xuan Tran,Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene,Nikolaos Tsilimparis,Abera Kenay Tura,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Chigozie Jesse Uneke,Olalekan A. Uthman,Aaron van Donkelaar,Jim van Os,Yuri Y Varakin,Tommi Vasankari,J. Lennert Veerman,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Francesco Saverio Violante,Stein Emil Vollset,Gregory R Wagner,Stephen G. Waller,JianLi Wang,Linhong Wang,Yanping Wang,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Sungho Won,Anthony D. Woolf,Mamo Wubshet,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Ajit Kumar Yadav,Bereket Yakob,Ayalnesh Zemene Yalew,Yuichiro Yano,Mehdi Yaseri,Pengpeng Ye,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Mustafa Z. Younis,Chuanhua Yu,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Jun Zhu,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Liesl Zühlke,Christopher J L Murray +653 more
TL;DR: The comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 was used to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Mohsen Naghavi,Amanuel Alemu Abajobir,Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Foad Abd-Allah,Semaw Ferede Abera,Victor Aboyans,Olatunji O. Adetokunboh,Ashkan Afshin,Anurag Agrawal,Alireza Ahmadi,Alireza Ahmadi,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Amani Nidhal Aichour,Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Sneha Aiyar,Fares Alahdab,Ziyad Al-Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Tahiya Alam,Kefyalew Addis Alene,Ayman Al-Eyadhy,Syed Danish Ali,Reza Alizadeh-Navaei,Juma Alkaabi,Ala'a Alkerwi,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Christine Allen,Rajaa Al-Raddadi,Ubai Alsharif,Khalid A Altirkawi,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Azmeraw T. Amare,Erfan Amini,Walid Ammar,Yaw Ampem Amoako,Nahla Anber,Hjalte Holm Andersen,Catalina Liliana Andrei,Sofia Androudi,Hossein Ansari,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Megha Arora,Al Artaman,Krishna Kumar Aryal,Hamid Asayesh,Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom,Tesfay Mehari Atey,Leticia Avila-Burgos,Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho,Ashish Awasthi,Tesleem Kayode Babalola,Umar Bacha,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Aleksandra Barac,Miguel A Barboza,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Simón Barquera,Lars Barregard,Lope H Barrero,Bernhard T. Baune,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Yannick Béjot,Bayu Begashaw Bekele,Michelle L. Bell,James R Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Adugnaw Berhane,Eduardo Bernabé,Balem Demtsu Betsu,Mircea Beuran,Samir Bhatt,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Kelly Bienhoff,Boris Bikbov,Donal Bisanzio,Rupert R A Bourne,Nicholas J K Breitborde,Lemma Negesa Bulto Bulto,Blair R. Bumgarner,Zahid A Butt,Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado,Ewan Cameron,Julio Cesar Campuzano,Josip Car,Rosario Cárdenas,Juan Jesus Carrero,Austin Carter,Daniel C Casey,Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela,Ferrán Catalá-López,Fiona J Charlson,Chioma Ezinne Chibueze,Odgerel Chimed-Ochir,Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa,Abdulaal A Chitheer,Devasahayam J. Christopher,Liliana G Ciobanu,Massimo Cirillo,Aaron Cohen,Danny V. Colombara,Cyrus Cooper,Benjamin C Cowie,Michael H. Criqui,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Paul I. Dargan,José Neves,Dragos Virgil Davitoiu,Kairat Davletov,Barbora de Courten,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Louisa Degenhardt,Selina Deiparine,Kebede Deribe,Amare Deribew,Subhojit Dey,Daniel Dicker,Eric L. Ding,Shirin Djalalinia,Huyen Phuc Do,David Teye Doku,Dirk Douwes-Schultz,Tim Driscoll,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Bartholow Duncan,Michelle Echko,Ziad El-Khatib,Christian Lycke Ellingsen,Ahmad Ali Enayati,Sergey Petrovich Ermakov,Holly E. Erskine,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Alireza Esteghamati,Kara Estep,Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Valery L. Feigin,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,João C. Fernandes,Alize J. Ferrari,Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa,Irina Filip,Samuel Finegold,Florian Fischer,Christina Fitzmaurice,Abraham D. Flaxman,Nataliya Foigt,Tahvi Frank,Maya S Fraser,Nancy Fullman,Thomas Fürst,João M. Furtado,Emmanuela Gakidou,Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro,Teshome Gebre,Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs,Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot,Delelegn Yilma Gebremichael,Johanna M. Geleijnse,Ricard Gènova-Maleras,Hailay Abrha Gesesew,Peter W. Gething,Richard F. Gillum,Ababi Zergaw Giref,Maurice Giroud,Giorgia Giussani,William W Godwin,Audra L Gold,Ellen M Goldberg,Philimon Gona,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Hebe N. Gouda,Alessandra C. Goulart,Max Griswold,Rajeev Gupta,Tanush Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Parkash C Gupta,Juanita A. Haagsma,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Alemayehu Hailu,Gessessew Bugssa Hailu,Randah R. Hamadeh,Mitiku Teshome Hambisa,Samer Hamidi,Mouhanad Hammami,Jamie Hancock,Alexis J Handal,Graeme J. Hankey,Yuantao Hao,Hilda L Harb,Habtamu Abera Hareri,Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand,Rasmus Havmoeller,Simon I. Hay,Fei He,Mohammad Taghi Hedayati,Nathaniel J Henry,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Claudiu Herteliu,Hans W. Hoek,Masako Horino,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Dean Hosgood,Sorin Hostiuc,Peter J. Hotez,Damian G Hoy,Chantal Huynh,Kim Moesgaard Iburg,Chad Ikeda,Bogdan Vasile Ileanu,Asnake Ararsa Irenso,Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha Jayaraman,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Vivekanand Jha,Denny John,Catherine O. Johnson,Sarah Charlotte Johnson,Jost B. Jonas,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Rajendra Kadel,Amaha Kahsay,Ritul Kamal,André Karch,Seyed M Karimi,Chante Karimkhani,Amir Kasaeian,Nigussie Assefa Kassaw,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi,Norito Kawakami,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Laura Kemmer,Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran,Yousef Khader,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Abdullah T Khoja,Mohammad Hossein Khosravi,Ardeshir Khosravi,Jagdish Khubchandani,Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri,Christian Kieling,Daniel Kievlan,Yun Jin Kim,Daniel Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Niranjan Kissoon,Mika Kivimäki,Ann Kristin Knudsen,Jacek A Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Xie Rachel Kulikoff,G Anil Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Michael Kutz,Hmwe H Kyu,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Tea Lallukka Nkurunziza Lambert,Qing Lan,Van C. Lansingh,Anders Larsson,Paul H. Lee,James Leigh,Janni Leung,Miriam Levi,Yongmei Li,Darya Li Kappe,Xiaofeng Liang,Misgan Legesse Liben,Stephen S Lim,Patrick Liu,Angela Liu,Yang Liu,Rakesh Lodha,Giancarlo Logroscino,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo A. Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Tim C.D. Lucas,Stefan Ma,Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan,Emilie R Maddison,Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Marek Majdan,Reza Majdzadeh,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Rajesh Malhotra,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Helena Manguerra,Tsegahun Manyazewal,Chabila C Mapoma,Laurie B. Marczak,Desalegn Markos,Jose Martinez-Raga,Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo,Ira Martopullo,Colm McAlinden,Madeline McGaughey,John J. McGrath,Suresh Mehata,Toni Meier,Kidanu Gebremariam Meles,Peter Memiah,Ziad A. Memish,Melkamu Merid Mengesha,Desalegn Tadese Mengistu,Bereket Gebremichael Menota,George A. Mensah,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Atte Meretoja,Anoushka Millear,Ted R. Miller,Shawn Minnig,Mojde Mirarefin,Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,Awoke Misganaw,Shiva Raj Mishra,Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed,Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad,Alireza Mohammadi,Shafiu Mohammed,Ali H. Mokdad,Glen Mola,Sarah K Mollenkopf,Mariam Molokhia,Lorenzo Monasta,Julio Cesar Montañez,Marcella Montico,Meghan D. Mooney,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Paula Moraga,Lidia Morawska,Chloe Morozoff,Shane D. Morrison,Cliff Mountjoy-Venning,Kalayu Birhane Mruts,Kate Muller,Gudlavalleti V S Murthy,Kamarul Imran Musa,Jean B. Nachega,Aliya Naheed,Luigi Naldi,Vinay Nangia,Bruno Ramos Nascimento,Jamal Nasher,Gopalakrishnan Natarajan,Ionut Negoi,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Minh Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Vuong Minh Nong,Jean Jacques Noubiap,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,In-Hwan Oh,Anselm Okoro,Andrew T Olagunju,Helen E Olsen,Bolajoko O. Olusanya,Jacob Olusegun Olusanya,Kanyin Ong,John Nelson Opio,Eyal Oren,Alberto Ortiz,Majdi Osman,Erika Ota,Mahesh Pa,Rosana E. Pacella,Smita Pakhale,Adrian Pana,Basant Kumar Panda,Songhomitra Panda-Jonas,Christina Papachristou,Eun-Kee Park,Scott B. Patten,George C Patton,Deepak Paudel,Katherine R. Paulson,David M. Pereira,Fernando Perez-Ruiz,Norberto Perico,Aslam Pervaiz,Max Petzold,Michael R. Phillips,David M. Pigott,Christine Pinho,Dietrich Plass,Martin A Pletcher,Suzanne Polinder,Maarten J. Postma,Farshad Pourmalek,Caroline A. Purcell,Mostafa Qorbani,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Chhabi Lal Ranabhat,Zane Rankin,Puja C Rao,Goura Kishor Rath,Salman Rawaf,Sarah E Ray,Jürgen Rehm,Robert C. Reiner,Marissa B Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Satar Rezaei,Mohammad Sadegh Rezai,Mohammad Bagher Rokni,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory A. Roth,Dietrich Rothenbacher,George Mugambage Ruhago,Rizwan Sa,Soheil Saadat,Perminder S. Sachdev,Nafis Sadat,Mahdi Safdarian,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Ramesh Sahathevan,Joseph Salama,Payman Salamati,Joshua A. Salomon,Abdallah M. Samy,Juan Sanabria,Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño,Damian Santomauro,Itamar S. Santos,Milena M Santric Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Maria Inês Schmidt,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,Sam Schulhofer-Wohl,Aletta E. Schutte,David C. Schwebel,Falk Schwendicke,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Edson Serván-Mori,Katya Anne Shackelford,Saeid Shahraz,Masood Ali Shaikh,Mansour Shamsipour,Morteza Shamsizadeh,Jayendra Sharma,Rajesh Sharma,Jun She,Sara Sheikhbahaei,Muki Shey,Peilin Shi,Chloe Shields,Mika Shigematsu,Rahman Shiri,Shreya Shirude,Ivy Shiue,Haitham Shoman,Mark G. Shrime,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Naris Silpakit,João Pedro Silva,Jasvinder A. Singh,Abhishek Singh,Eirini Skiadaresi,Amber Sligar,David L. Smith,Alison Smith,Mari Smith,Badr Hasan Sobaih,Samir Soneji,Reed J D Sorensen,Joan B. Soriano,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Vinay Srinivasan,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Vasiliki Stathopoulou,Nicholas Steel,Dan J. Stein,Caitlyn Steiner,S. Steinke,Mark A. Stokes,Mark Strong,Bryan Strub,Michelle L Subart,Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Bruno F. Sunguya,Patrick J Sur,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan L. Sykes,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla,Ken Takahashi,Jukka Takala,Roberto Tchio Talongwa,Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Nuno Taveira,Teketo Kassaw Tegegne,Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,Mohamad-Hani Temsah,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,JS Thakur,Ornwipa Thamsuwan,Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan,Katie E Thomas,Alex H Thompson,Alan J Thomson,Amanda G. Thrift,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Roman Topor-Madry,Anna E. Torre,Miguel Tortajada,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Bach Xuan Tran,Christopher Troeger,Thomas Truelsen,Derrick Tsoi,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Rachel L Updike,Olalekan A. Uthman,Benjamin Uzochukwu,Job F M van Boven,Tommi Vasankari,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Francesco Saverio Violante,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Tolassa Wakayo,Mitchell T. Wallin,Yuan-Pang Wang,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Daniel J. Weiss,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Brian Whetter,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Belete Getahun Woldeyes,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Rachel Woodbrook,Abdulhalik Workicho,Denis Xavier,Qingyang Xiao,Gelin Xu,Mohsen Yaghoubi,Bereket Yakob,Yuichiro Yano,Mehdi Yaseri,Hassen Hamid Yimam,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Marcel Yotebieng,Mustafa Z. Younis,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Elias Asfaw Zegeye,Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe,Taddese Alemu Zerfu,Anthony Lin Zhang,Xueying Zhang,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Alan D. Lopez,Christopher J L Murray +601 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016 as discussed by the authors, which includes evaluation of the expected epidemiological transition with changes in development and where local patterns deviate from these trends.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Simon I. Hay,Amanuel Alemu Abajobir,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Foad Abd-Allah,Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,Abdishakur M. Abdulle,Teshome Abuka Abebo,Teshome Abuka Abebo,Teshome Abuka Abebo,Semaw Ferede Abera,Semaw Ferede Abera,Victor Aboyans,Laith J. Abu-Raddad,Ilana N. Ackerman,Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji,Olatunji O. Adetokunboh,Ashkan Afshin,Rakesh Aggarwal,Sutapa Agrawal,Anurag Agrawal,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour,Amani Nidhal Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Sneha Aiyar,Tomi Akinyemiju,Nadia Akseer,Faris Lami,Fares Alahdab,Ziyad Al-Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Tahiya Alam,Deena Alasfoor,Kefyalew Addis Alene,Raghib Ali,Reza Alizadeh-Navaei,Reza Alizadeh-Navaei,Juma Alkaabi,Ala'a Alkerwi,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Christine Allen,Fatma Al-Maskari,Mohammad A. AlMazroa,Rajaa Al-Raddadi,Ubai Alsharif,Shirina Alsowaidi,Benjamin M Althouse,Khalid A Altirkawi,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Azmeraw T. Amare,Erfan Amini,Walid Ammar,Yaw Ampem Amoako,Mustafa Geleto Ansha,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Megha Arora,Al Artaman,Krishna Kumar Aryal,Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom,Tesfay Mehari Atey,Niguse Tadele Atnafu,Leticia Avila-Burgos,Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho,Ashish Awasthi,Shally Awasthi,Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh,Peter Azzopardi,Tesleem Kayode Babalola,Umar Bacha,Alaa Badawi,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Marlena S Bannick,Aleksandra Barac,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Simón Barquera,Lope H Barrero,Sanjay Basu,Robert J. Battista,Katherine E. Battle,Bernhard T. Baune,Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Yannick Béjot,Bayu Begashaw Bekele,Michelle L. Bell,Derrick A Bennett,James R Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Jennifer Benson,Adugnaw Berhane,Derbew Fikadu Berhe,Eduardo Bernabé,Balem Demtsu Betsu,Mircea Beuran,Addisu Shunu Beyene,Anil Bhansali,Samir Bhatt,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Burcu Kucuk Bicer,Kelly Bienhoff,Boris Bikbov,Charles Birungi,Stan Biryukov,Donal Bisanzio,Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu,Fiona M. Blyth,Dube Jara Boneya,Dipan Bose,Ibrahim R Bou-Orm,Rupert R A Bourne,Michael Brainin,Carol Brayne,Alexandra Brazinova,Nicholas J K Breitborde,Paul S Briant,Gabrielle B. Britton,Traolach S. Brugha,Rachelle Buchbinder,Lemma Negesa Bulto Bulto,Blair R. Bumgarner,Zahid A Butt,Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado,Ewan Cameron,Ismael R. Campos-Nonato,Hélène Carabin,Rosario Cárdenas,David O. Carpenter,Juan Jesus Carrero,Austin Carter,Félix Carvalho,Daniel C Casey,Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela,Chris D Castle,Ferrán Catalá-López,Jung-Chen Chang,Fiona J Charlson,Pankaj Chaturvedi,Honglei Chen,Mirriam Chibalabala,Chioma Ezinne Chibueze,Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa,Abdulaal A Chitheer,Rajiv Chowdhury,Devasahayam J. Christopher,Liliana G Ciobanu,Massimo Cirillo,Danny V. Colombara,Leslie T. Cooper,Cyrus Cooper,Paolo Cortesi,Monica Cortinovis,Michael H. Criqui,Elizabeth A. Cromwell,Marita Cross,John A. Crump,Abel Fekadu Dadi,Koustuv Dalal,Albertino Damasceno,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,José Neves,Dragos Virgil Davitoiu,Kairat Davletov,Barbora de Courten,Diego De Leo,Hans De Steur,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Louisa Degenhardt,Selina Deiparine,Robert P. Dellavalle,Kebede Deribe,Amare Deribew,Don C. Des Jarlais,Subhojit Dey,Samath D Dharmaratne,Preet K Dhillon,Daniel Dicker,Shirin Djalainia,Huyen Phuc Do,Klara Dokova,David Teye Doku,E. Ray Dorsey,Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos,Tim Driscoll,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Bartholow Duncan,Beth E. Ebel,Michelle Echko,Ziad El-Khatib,Ahmad Ali Enayati,Aman Yesuf Endries,Sergey Petrovich Ermakov,Holly E. Erskine,Setegn Eshetie,Babak Eshrati,Alireza Esteghamati,Kara Estep,Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel,Tamer H. Farag,Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Mir Sohail Fazeli,Valery L. Feigin,Andrea B. Feigl,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,João C. Fernandes,Alize J. Ferrari,Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Christina Fitzmaurice,Abraham D. Flaxman,Nataliya Foigt,Kyle J Foreman,Richard C. Franklin,Joseph Frostad,Nancy Fullman,Thomas Fürst,João M. Furtado,Neal D. Futran,Emmanuela Gakidou,Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro,Teshome Gebre,Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs,Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot,Johanna M. Geleijnse,Ayele Geleto,Bikila Lencha Gemechu,Hailay Abrha Gesesew,Peter W. Gething,Alireza Ghajar,Katherine B Gibney,Richard F. Gillum,Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi,Melkamu Dedefo Gishu,Giorgia Giussani,William W Godwin,Kashish Goel,Shifalika Goenka,Ellen M Goldberg,Philimon Gona,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Richard A. Gosselin,Carolyn C. Gotay,Atsushi Goto,Alessandra C. Goulart,Nicholas Graetz,Harish Chander Gugnani,Prakash C. Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Tanush Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Rashmi Gupta,Reyna A Gutiérrez,Vladimir Hachinski,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Alemayehu Hailu,Gessessew Bugssa Hailu,Randah R. Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Mouhanad Hammami,Alexis J Handal,Graeme J. Hankey,Yuantao Hao,Hilda L Harb,Habtamu Abera Hareri,Josep Maria Haro,Kimani M Harun,James D. Harvey,Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand,Rasmus Havmoeller,Roderick J. Hay,Mohammad Taghi Hedayati,Delia Hendrie,Nathaniel J Henry,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Pouria Heydarpour,Hans W. Hoek,Howard J. Hoffman,Masako Horino,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Dean Hosgood,Sorin Hostiuc,Peter J. Hotez,Damian G Hoy,Aung Soe Htet,Guoqing Hu,John J Huang,Chantal Huynh,Kim Moesgaard Iburg,Ehimario U. Igumbor,Chad Ikeda,Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Peter James,Simerjot K. Jassal,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha Jayaraman,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Paul N. Jensen,Vivekanand Jha,Guohong Jiang,Denny John,Catherine O. Johnson,Sarah Charlotte Johnson,Jost B. Jonas,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Rajendra Kadel,Amaha Kahsay,Ritul Kamal,Chittaranjan Kar,Nadim E. Karam,André Karch,Corine Karema,Seyed M Karimi,Chante Karimkhani,Amir Kasaeian,Getachew Mullu Kassa,Nigussie Assefa Kassaw,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Anshul Kastor,Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Laura Kemmer,Andre Pascal Kengne,Andre Keren,Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran,Yousef Khader,Ibrahim A Khalil,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Abdullah T Khoja,Ardeshir Khosravi,Jagdish Khubchandani,Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri,Christian Kieling,Yun Jin Kim,Yun Jin Kim,Daniel Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Adnan Kisa,Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek,Niranjan Kissoon,Mika Kivimäki,Ann Kristin Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Dhaval Kolte,Jacek A Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Georgios A. Kotsakis,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Kristopher J Krohn,G Anil Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Hmwe H Kyu,Hmwe H Kyu,Anton Carl Jonas Lager,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Tea Lallukka,Nkurunziza Lambert,Qing Lan,Van C. Lansingh,Anders Larsson,Janet L Leasher,Paul H. Lee,James Leigh,Cheru Tesema Leshargie,Janni Leung,Ricky Leung,Miriam Levi,Yichong Li,Yongmei Li,Xiaofeng Liang,Misgan Legesse Liben,Stephen S Lim,Shai Linn,Patrick Liu,Angela Liu,Shiwei Liu,Yang Liu,Rakesh Lodha,Giancarlo Logroscino,Katharine J Looker,Alan D. Lopez,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo A. Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Tim C.D. Lucas,Raimundas Lunevicius,Ronan A Lyons,Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan,Emilie R Maddison,Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek,Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Carlos Magis-Rodriguez,Mahdi Mahdavi,Marek Majdan,Reza Majdzadeh,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Rajesh Malhotra,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Abdullah Al Mamun,Helena Manguerra,Treh Manhertz,Lorenzo G. Mantovani,Chabila C Mapoma,Lyn March,Laurie B. Marczak,Jose Martinez-Raga,Paulo Henrique Viegas Martins,Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo,Ira Martopullo,Winfried März,Manu Raj Mathur,Mohsen Mazidi,Colm McAlinden,Madeline McGaughey,John J. McGrath,Martin McKee,Suresh Mehata,Toni Meier,Kidanu Gebremariam Meles,Peter Memiah,Ziad A. Memish,Walter Mendoza,Melkamu Merid Mengesha,Mubarek Abera Mengistie,Desalegn Tadese Mengistu,George A. Mensah,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Atte Meretoja,Haftay Berhane Mezgebe,Renata Micha,Anoushka Millear,Ted R. Miller,Shawn Minnig,Mojde Mirarefin,Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,Awoke Misganaw,Shiva Raj Mishra,Philip B. Mitchell,Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad,Alireza Mohammadi,Muktar Sano Kedir Mohammed,Kedir Endris Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Murali Mohan,Ali H. Mokdad,Sarah K Mollenkopf,Lorenzo Monasta,Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Paula Moraga,Lidia Morawska,Rintaro Mori,Shane D. Morrison,Mark Moses,Cliff Mountjoy-Venning,Kalayu Birhane Mruts,Ulrich O Mueller,Kate Muller,Michele E. Murdoch,Gudlavalleti V S Murthy,Srinivas Murthy,Kamarul Imran Musa,Jean B. Nachega,Gabriele Nagel,Mohsen Naghavi,Aliya Naheed,Kovin Naidoo,Vinay Nangia,Jamal Nasher,Gopalakrishnan Natarajan,Dumessa Edessa Negasa,Ruxandra Irina Negoi,Ionut Negoi,Charles R. Newton,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Minh Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Vuong Minh Nong,Ole Frithjof Norheim,Bo Norrving,Jean Jacques Noubiap,Alypio Nyandwi,Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer,Martin O'Donnell,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,In-Hwan Oh,Anselm Okoro,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Andrew T Olagunju,Tinuke O Olagunju,Helen E Olsen,Bolajoko O. Olusanya,Jacob Olusegun Olusanya,Kanyin Ong,John Nelson Opio,Eyal Oren,Alberto Ortiz,Richard H. Osborne,Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman,Majdi Osman,Erika Ota,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Mahesh Pa,Rosana E. Pacella,Basant Kumar Panda,Jeyaraj D Pandian,Christina Papachristou,Eun-Kee Park,Charles D. H. Parry,Mahboubeh Parsaeian,Snehal Patil,Scott B. Patten,George C Patton,Deepak Paudel,Katherine R. Paulson,Neil Pearce,David M. Pereira,Krystle Marie Perez,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Carrie Beth Peterson,William A. Petri,Max Petzold,Michael R. Phillips,Geoffrey Phipps,David M. Pigott,Julian David Pillay,Christine Pinho,Michael A. Piradov,Dietrich Plass,Martin A Pletcher,Svetlana Popova,Richie G Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Narayan Prasad,Carrie Purcell,Manorama Purwar,Mostafa Qorbani,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Rynaz H S Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Kazem Rahimi,Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman,Muhammad Aziz Rahman,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Sasa Rajsic,Usha Ram,Chhabi Lal Ranabhat,Thara Rangaswamy,Zane Rankin,P. V. Rao,Puja C Rao,Salman Rawaf,Sarah E Ray,Robert C. Reiner,Nikolas Reinig,Marissa B Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Andre M. N. Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Satar Rezaei,Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,Jacqueline Castillo Rivas,Hirbo Shore Roba,Stephen R. Robinson,David Rojas-Rueda,Mohammad Bagher Rokni,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory A. Roth,Dietrich Rothenbacher,Ambuj Roy,Enrico Rubagotti,George Mugambage Ruhago,Soheil Saadat,Mahdi Safdarian,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Ramesh Sahathevan,Mohammad Ali Sahraian,Joseph Salama,Muhammad Muhammad Saleh,Joshua A. Salomon,Sundeep Salvi,Abdallah M. Samy,Juan Sanabria,Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño,Damian Santomauro,João Vasco Santos,Itamar S. Santos,Milena M Santric Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Sonia Saxena,Kathryn Schelonka,Maria Inês Schmidt,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,Ben Schöttker,Aletta E. Schutte,David C. Schwebel,Falk Schwendicke,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Edson Serván-Mori,Amira Shaheen,Masood Ali Shaikh,Mansour Shamsipour,Rajesh Sharma,Jayendra Sharma,Jun She,Peilin Shi,Kenji Shibuya,Chloe Shields,Girma Temam Shifa,Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw,Mika Shigematsu,Rahman Shiri,Reza Shirkoohi,Shreya Shirude,Kawkab Shishani,Haitham Shoman,Soraya Siabani,Abla M. Sibai,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Donald H. Silberberg,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,João Pedro Silva,Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira,Jasvinder A. Singh,Om Prakash Singh,Narinder Pal Singh,Virendra Singh,Dhirendra N Sinha,Eirini Skiadaresi,Erica Leigh Slepak,David L. Smith,Mari Smith,Badr Hasan Sobaih,Eugene Sobngwi,Michael Soljak,Reed J D Sorensen,Tatiane Cristina Moraes Sousa,Luciano A. Sposato,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Vinay Srinivasan,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Vasiliki Stathopoulou,Nicholas Steel,Dan J. Stein,Caitlyn Steiner,S. Steinke,Mark A. Stokes,Lars Jacob Stovner,Bryan Strub,Michelle L Subart,Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Bruno F. Sunguya,Patrick J Sur,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan L. Sykes,Dillon O Sylte,Cassandra Szoeke,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla,Getachew Redae Taffere,Jukka Takala,Nikhil Tandon,David Tanne,Yihunie L Tarekegn,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Nuno Taveira,Hugh R. Taylor,Teketo Kassaw Tegegne,Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,Tesfalidet Tekelab,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,Dawit Jember Tesfaye,Belay Tesssema,JS Thakur,Ornwipa Thamsuwan,Alice Theadom,Andrew Theis,Katie E Thomas,Nihal Thomas,Robert C. Thompson,Amanda G. Thrift,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Myriam Tobollik,Marcello Tonelli,Roman Topor-Madry,Miguel Tortajada,Mathilde Touvier,Jefferson Traebert,Bach Xuan Tran,Christopher Troeger,Thomas Truelsen,Derrick Tsoi,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Hayley D. Tymeson,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Chigozie Jesse Uneke,Rachel L Updike,Olalekan A. Uthman,Benjamin Uzochukwu,Job F M van Boven,Santosh Varughese,Tommi Vasankari,Lennert J. Veerman,Shubhashree Venkatesh,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Ramesh Vidavalur,Lakshmi Vijayakumar,Francesco Saverio Violante,Abhishek Vishnu,Sergey K Vladimirov,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Fiseha Wadilo,Tolassa Wakayo,Mitchell T. Wallin,Yuan-Pang Wang,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Daniel J. Weiss,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Hywel C Williams,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Belete Getahun Woldeyes,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Rachel Woodbrook,Anthony D. Woolf,Abdulhalik Workicho,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Simon Yadgir,Mohsen Yaghoubi,Bereket Yakob,Lijing L Yan,Yuichiro Yano,Pengpeng Ye,Mahari Yihdego,Hassen Hamid Yimam,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Marcel Yotebieng,Mustafa Z. Younis,Chuanhua Yu,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Elias Asfaw Zegeye,Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe,Xueying Zhang,Yingfeng Zheng,Maigeng Zhou,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Leo Zoeckler,Liesl Zühlke,Christopher J L Murray +803 more
TL;DR: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements and the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning.
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Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research
Andrew I R Maas,David K. Menon,P. David Adelson,Nada Andelic,Michael J. Bell,Antonio Belli,Peter Bragge,Alexandra Brazinova,Andras Buki,Randall M. Chesnut,Giuseppe Citerio,Mark Coburn,D. Jamie Cooper,A Tamara Crowder,Endre Czeiter,Marek Czosnyka,Ramon Diaz-Arrastia,Jens P. Dreier,Ann-Christine Duhaime,Ari Ercole,Thomas A. van Essen,Valery L. Feigin,Guoyi Gao,Joseph T. Giacino,Laura E. Gonzalez-Lara,Russell L. Gruen,Russell L. Gruen,Deepak Gupta,Jed A. Hartings,Sean Hill,Jiyao Jiang,Naomi Ketharanathan,Erwin J. O. Kompanje,Linda Lanyon,Steven Laureys,Fiona Lecky,Harvey S. Levin,Hester F. Lingsma,Marc Maegele,Marek Majdan,Geoffrey T. Manley,Jill A. Marsteller,Luciana Mascia,Charles McFadyen,Stefania Mondello,Virginia F. J. Newcombe,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Paul M. Parizel,Wilco C. Peul,James Piercy,Suzanne Polinder,Louis Puybasset,Todd E. Rasmussen,Rolf Rossaint,Peter Smielewski,Jeannette Söderberg,Simon J. Stanworth,Murray B. Stein,Nicole von Steinbüchel,William Stewart,Ewout W. Steyerberg,Ewout W. Steyerberg,Nino Stocchetti,Anneliese Synnot,Anneliese Synnot,Braden Te Ao,Olli Tenovuo,Alice Theadom,Dick Tibboel,Walter Videtta,Kevin K.W. Wang,W. Huw Williams,Lindsay Wilson,Kristine Yaffe,Hadie Adams,Vanni Agnoletti,Judith Allanson,Krisztina Amrein,Norberto Andaluz,Audny Anke,Anna Antoni,Arjan Bastiaan van As,Gérard Audibert,Antun Azaševac,Philippe Azouvi,Maria Luisa Azzolini,Camelia Baciu,Rafael Badenes,Karen M. Barlow,Ronald H. M. A. Bartels,Ursula Bauerfeind,Miriam H. Beauchamp,Darcy Beer,Ronny Beer,Francisco Javier Belda,Bo-Michael Bellander,Rémy Bellier,Habib Benali,Thierry Benard,Valzerda Beqiri,Luigi Beretta,Francis Bernard,Guido Bertolini,Federico Bilotta,Morten Blaabjerg,Hugo den Boogert,Kathy Boutis,Pierre Bouzat,Brian L. Brooks,Camilla Brorsson,Monika Bullinger,Emma Burns,Calappi E,Peter Cameron,Elsa Carise,Ana M. Castaño-Leon,Francesco Causin,Giorgio Chevallard,Arturo Chieregato,Brian R. Christie,Maryse C. Cnossen,Jonathan P. Coles,Johnny Collett,Francesco Della Corte,William Craig,Gábor Csató,Ákos Csomós,Nicola Curry,Claire Dahyot-Fizelier,Helen Dawes,Carol DeMatteo,Bart Depreitere,Deborah Dewey,Jeroen T. J. M. van Dijck,Đula Đilvesi,Diederik W.J. Dippel,Kemal Dizdarevic,Emma Donoghue,Or Duek,Guy-Loup Dulière,Adelaida Dzeko,George A. Eapen,Carolyn A. Emery,Shane W. English,Patrick Esser,Erzsébet Ezer,Martin Fabricius,Junfeng Feng,Dean Fergusson,Anthony Figaji,Joanne Fleming,Kelly A Foks,G. Francony,Stephen B. Freedman,Ulderico Freo,Shirin Frisvold,Isabelle Gagnon,Damien Galanaud,Dashiell Gantner,Benoit Giraud,Ben Glocker,Jagos Golubovic,Pedro A Gómez López,Wayne A. Gordon,Primoz Gradisek,Jocelyn Gravel,Donald E. G. Griesdale,Francesca Grossi,Juanita A. Haagsma,Asta Håberg,Iain K. Haitsma,Wim Van Hecke,Raimund Helbok,Eirik Helseth,Caroline M. van Heugten,Cornelia W. E. Hoedemaekers,Stefan Höfer,Lindsay Horton,Jiyuan Hui,Jilske A Huijben,Peter J. Hutchinson,Bram Jacobs,Mathieu van der Jagt,Stefan Jankowski,Koen Janssens,Bojan Jelaca,Kelly Jones,Konstantinos Kamnitsas,Rafael Kaps,Mladen Karan,Ari Katila,Kirsi-Maija Kaukonen,Véronique De Keyser,Riku Kivisaari,Angelos G. Kolias,Balint Kolumban,Ksenija Kolundžija,Daniel Kondziella,Lars-Owe D. Koskinen,Noémi Kovács,Andreas H. Kramer,Demitri Kutsogiannis,Theodoros Kyprianou,Alfonso Lagares,Francois Lamontagne,Roberto Latini,François Lauzier,Isaac Lazar,Christian Ledig,Rolf Lefering,Valerie Legrand,Leon Levi,Roger Lightfoot,Angels Lozano,Stephen MacDonald,Sebastian Major,Alex Manara,Pauline Manhes,Hugues Maréchal,Costanza Martino,Alessandro Masala,Serge Masson,Julia Mattern,Bradford J. McFadyen,Catherine McMahon,Maureen O. Meade,Béla Melegh,Tomas Menovsky,Lynne Moore,Marta M Correia,Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann,Holger Muehlan,Pratik Mukherjee,Lynnette Murray,Joukje van der Naalt,Ancuta Negru,David W. Nelson,Daan Nieboer,Quentin Noirhomme,József Nyirádi,Mauro Oddo,David O. Okonkwo,Annemarie W. Oldenbeuving,Fabrizio Ortolano,Martin H. Osmond,Jean-François Payen,Vincent Perlbarg,Paolo Persona,Nicolas Pichon,Anna Piippo-Karjalainen,Sebastien Pili-Floury,Matti Pirinen,Horia Ple,Maria A. Poca,Jussi P. Posti,Dominique Van Praag,Alain Ptito,Andreea Radoi,Arminas Ragauskas,Arminas Ragauskas,Rahul Raj,Ruben G. L. Real,Nick Reed,Jonathan Rhodes,Claudia S. Robertson,Saulius Rocka,Saulius Rocka,Cecilie Røe,Olav Røise,Gerwin Roks,Jonathan Rosand,Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld,Christina Rosenlund,Guy Rosenthal,Sandra Rossi,Daniel Rueckert,Godard C.W. de Ruiter,Marco Sacchi,Barbara J. Sahakian,Juan Sahuquillo,Oliver W. Sakowitz,Gerardo Salvato,Renán Sánchez-Porras,János Sándor,Grinder Sangha,Nadine Schäfer,Silke Schmidt,Kathryn J Schneider,David M. Schnyer,Herbert Schöhl,Guus G. Schoonman,Rico Frederik Schou,Özcan Sir,Toril Skandsen,Dirk Smeets,Abayomi Sorinola,Emmanuel Stamatakis,Ana Stevanovic,Robert Stevens,Nina Sundström,Fabio Silvio Taccone,Fabio Silvio Taccone,Riikka S.K. Takala,Päivi Tanskanen,Mark Taylor,Ralph Telgmann,Nancy R. Temkin,Guido Teodorani,Matthew Thomas,Christos M. Tolias,Tony Trapani,Alexis F. Turgeon,Peter Vajkoczy,Alex B. Valadka,Egils Valeinis,Shirley Vallance,Zoltan Vamos,Alessia Vargiolu,Emmanuel Vega,Jan Verheyden,Anne Vik,Rimantas Vilcinis,Carmen L.A. Vleggeert-Lankamp,Lidia Vogt,Victor Volovici,Daphne C. Voormolen,Peter Vulekovic,Thijs Vande Vyvere,Julia Van Waesberghe,Lars Wessels,Eno Wildschut,Guy B. Williams,Maren K.L. Winkler,Stefan Wolf,Gordon Wood,Nektaria Xirouchaki,Alexander Younsi,Menashe Zaaroor,Veronika Zelinkova,Roger Zemek,Fabrizio Zumbo +342 more