MAGMA: Generalized Gene-Set Analysis of GWAS Data
TLDR
The results show that MAGMA has significantly more power than other tools for both the gene and the gene-set analysis, identifying more genes and gene sets associated with Crohn’s Disease while maintaining a correct type 1 error rate.Abstract:
By aggregating data for complex traits in a biologically meaningful way, gene and gene-set analysis constitute a valuable addition to single-marker analysis. However, although various methods for gene and gene-set analysis currently exist, they generally suffer from a number of issues. Statistical power for most methods is strongly affected by linkage disequilibrium between markers, multi-marker associations are often hard to detect, and the reliance on permutation to compute p-values tends to make the analysis computationally very expensive. To address these issues we have developed MAGMA, a novel tool for gene and gene-set analysis. The gene analysis is based on a multiple regression model, to provide better statistical performance. The gene-set analysis is built as a separate layer around the gene analysis for additional flexibility. This gene-set analysis also uses a regression structure to allow generalization to analysis of continuous properties of genes and simultaneous analysis of multiple gene sets and other gene properties. Simulations and an analysis of Crohn’s Disease data are used to evaluate the performance of MAGMA and to compare it to a number of other gene and gene-set analysis tools. The results show that MAGMA has significantly more power than other tools for both the gene and the gene-set analysis, identifying more genes and gene sets associated with Crohn’s Disease while maintaining a correct type 1 error rate. Moreover, the MAGMA analysis of the Crohn’s Disease data was found to be considerably faster as well.read more
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Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA
Kyoko Watanabe,Erdogan Taskesen,Erdogan Taskesen,Arjen van Bochoven,Danielle Posthuma,Danielle Posthuma +5 more
TL;DR: FUMA is a web-based bioinformatics tool that uses a combination of positional, eQTL and chromatin interaction mapping to prioritize likely causal variants and genes and directly aid in generating hypotheses that are testable in functional experiments aimed at proving causal relations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression
Naomi R. Wray,Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Manuel Mattheisen,Maciej Trzaskowski,Enda M. Byrne,Abdel Abdellaoui,Mark Adams,Esben Agerbo,Esben Agerbo,Tracy Air,Till M.F. Andlauer,Silviu Alin Bacanu,Marie Bækvad-Hansen,Marie Bækvad-Hansen,Aartjan F.T. Beekman,Tim B. Bigdeli,Elisabeth B. Binder,Elisabeth B. Binder,Douglas Blackwood,Julien Bryois,Henriette N. Buttenschøn,Henriette N. Buttenschøn,Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm,Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm,Na Cai,Na Cai,Enrique Castelao,Jane H. Christensen,Jane H. Christensen,Toni-Kim Clarke,Jonathan I.R. Coleman,Lucía Colodro-Conde,Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne,Nicholas John Craddock,Gregory E. Crawford,Cheynna A. Crowley,Hassan S. Dashti,Hassan S. Dashti,Gail Davies,Ian J. Deary,Franziska Degenhardt,Eske M. Derks,Nese Direk,Nese Direk,Conor V. Dolan,Erin C. Dunn,Erin C. Dunn,Thalia C. Eley,Nicholas Eriksson,Valentina Escott-Price,Farnush Hassan Farhadi Kiadeh,Hilary K. Finucane,Hilary K. Finucane,Andreas J. Forstner,Josef Frank,Helena Gaspar,Michael Gill,Paola Giusti-Rodríguez,Fernando S. Goes,Scott D. Gordon,Jakob Grove,Lynsey S. Hall,Lynsey S. Hall,Eilis Hannon,Christine Søholm Hansen,Christine Søholm Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Ian B. Hickie,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,Georg Homuth,Carsten Horn,Jouke-Jan Hottenga,David M. Hougaard,David M. Hougaard,Ming Hu,Craig L. Hyde,Marcus Ising,Rick Jansen,Fulai Jin,Eric Jorgenson,James A. Knowles,Isaac S. Kohane,Isaac S. Kohane,Isaac S. Kohane,Julia Kraft,Warren W. Kretzschmar,Jesper Krogh,Zoltán Kutalik,Zoltán Kutalik,Jacqueline M. Lane,Jacqueline M. Lane,Yihan Li,Yun Li,Penelope A. Lind,Xiaoxiao Liu,Leina Lu,Donald J. MacIntyre,Dean F. MacKinnon,Robert Maier,Wolfgang Maier,Jonathan Marchini,Hamdi Mbarek,Patrick J. McGrath,Peter McGuffin,Sarah E. Medland,Divya Mehta,Divya Mehta,Christel M. Middeldorp,Christel M. Middeldorp,Evelin Mihailov,Yuri Milaneschi,Lili Milani,Jonathan Mill,Francis M. Mondimore,Grant W. Montgomery,Sara Mostafavi,Niamh Mullins,Matthias Nauck,Bernard Ng,Michel G. Nivard,Dale R. Nyholt,Paul F. O'Reilly,Hogni Oskarsson,Michael John Owen,Jodie N. Painter,Carsten Bøcker Pedersen,Carsten Bøcker Pedersen,Marianne Giørtz Pedersen,Marianne Giørtz Pedersen,Roseann E. Peterson,Erik Pettersson,Wouter J. Peyrot,Giorgio Pistis,Danielle Posthuma,Shaun Purcell,Jorge A. Quiroz,Per Qvist,Per Qvist,John P. Rice,Brien P. Riley,Margarita Rivera,Margarita Rivera,Saira Saeed Mirza,Richa Saxena,Richa Saxena,Robert A. Schoevers,Eva C. Schulte,Ling Shen,Jianxin Shi,Stanley I. Shyn,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Grant Sinnamon,Johannes H. Smit,Daniel J. Smith,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Craig A. Stockmeier,Fabian Streit,Jana Strohmaier,Katherine E. Tansey,Henning Teismann,Alexander Teumer,Wesley K. Thompson,Pippa A. Thomson,Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson,Chao Tian,Matthew Traylor,Jens Treutlein,Vassily Trubetskoy,André G. Uitterlinden,Daniel Umbricht,Sandra Van der Auwera,Albert M. van Hemert,Alexander Viktorin,Peter M. Visscher,Yunpeng Wang,Yunpeng Wang,Yunpeng Wang,Bradley T. Webb,Shantel Weinsheimer,Shantel Weinsheimer,Jürgen Wellmann,Gonneke Willemsen,Stephanie H. Witt,Yang Wu,Hualin S. Xi,Jian Yang,Futao Zhang,Volker Arolt,Bernhard T. Baune,Klaus Berger,Dorret I. Boomsma,Sven Cichon,Udo Dannlowski,E. C.J. De Geus,J. Raymond DePaulo,Enrico Domenici,Katharina Domschke,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Hans J. Grabe,Steven P. Hamilton,Caroline Hayward,Andrew C. Heath,David A. Hinds,Kenneth S. Kendler,Stefan Kloiber,Stefan Kloiber,Stefan Kloiber,Glyn Lewis,Qingqin S. Li,Susanne Lucae,Pamela F.A. Madden,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Nicholas G. Martin,Andrew M. McIntosh,Andres Metspalu,Ole Mors,Ole Mors,Preben Bo Mortensen,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Merete Nordentoft,Merete Nordentoft,Markus M. Nöthen,Michael Conlon O'Donovan,Sara A. Paciga,Nancy L. Pedersen,Brenda W.J.H. Penninx,Roy H. Perlis,David J. Porteous,James B. Potash,Martin Preisig,Marcella Rietschel,Catherine Schaefer,Thomas G. Schulze,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller,Kari Stefansson,Kari Stefansson,Henning Tiemeier,Rudolf Uher,Henry Völzke,Myrna M. Weissman,Myrna M. Weissman,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Ashley R. Winslow,Ashley R. Winslow,Cathryn M. Lewis,Douglas F. Levinson,Gerome Breen,Anders D. Børglum,Anders D. Børglum,Patrick F. Sullivan,Patrick F. Sullivan +262 more
TL;DR: A genome-wide association meta-analysis of individuals with clinically assessed or self-reported depression identifies 44 independent and significant loci and finds important relationships of genetic risk for major depression with educational attainment, body mass, and schizophrenia.
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
Hana Lango Allen,Karol Estrada,Guillaume Lettre,Sonja I. Berndt,Michael N. Weedon,Fernando Rivadeneira,Cristen J. Willer,Anne U. Jackson,Sailaja Vedantam,Soumya Raychaudhuri,Teresa Ferreira,Andrew R. Wood,Robert J. Weyant,Ayellet V. Segrè,Elizabeth K. Speliotes,Eleanor Wheeler,Nicole Soranzo,Ju-Hyun Park,Jian Yang,Daniel F. Gudbjartsson,Nancy L. Heard-Costa,Joshua C. Randall,Lu Qi,Albert V. Smith,Reedik Maegi,Tomi Pastinen,Liming Liang,Iris M. Heid,Jian'an Luan,Gudmar Thorleifsson,Thomas W. Winkler,Michael E. Goddard,Ken Sin Lo,Cameron D. Palmer,Tsegaselassie Workalemahu,Yurii S. Aulchenko,Åsa Johansson,M. Carola Zillikens,Mary F. Feitosa,Tõnu Esko,Toby Johnson,Shamika Ketkar,Peter Kraft,Massimo Mangino,Inga Prokopenko,Devin Absher,Eva Albrecht,Florian Ernst,Nicole L. Glazer,Caroline Hayward,Jouke-Jan Hottenga,Kevin B. Jacobs,Joshua W. Knowles,Zoltán Kutalik,Keri L. Monda,Ozren Polasek,Michael Preuss,Nigel W. Rayner,Neil R. Robertson,Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir,Jonathan Tyrer,Benjamin F. Voight,Fredrik Wiklund,Jianfeng Xu,Jing Hua Zhao,Dale R. Nyholt,Niina Pellikka,Markus Perola,John R. B. Perry,Ida Surakka,Mari-Liis Tammesoo,Elizabeth L. Altmaier,Najaf Amin,Thor Aspelund,Tushar Bhangale,Gabrielle Boucher,Daniel I. Chasman,Constance Chen,Lachlan J. M. Coin,Mark E. Cooper,Anna L. Dixon,Quince Gibson,Elin Grundberg,Ke Hao,M. Juhani Junttila,Lee M. Kaplan,Johannes Kettunen,Inke R. Koenig,Tony Kwan,Robert Lawrence,Douglas F. Levinson,Mattias Lorentzon,Barbara McKnight,Andrew P. Morris,Martina Mueller,Julius S. Ngwa,Shaun Purcell,Suzanne Rafelt,Rany M. Salem,Erika Salvi,Serena Sanna,Jianxin Shi,Ulla Sovio,John R. Thompson,Michael C. Turchin,Liesbeth Vandenput,Dominique J. Verlaan,Veronique Vitart,Charles C. White,Andreas Ziegler,Peter Almgren,Anthony J. Balmforth,Harry Campbell,Lorena Citterio,Alessandro De Grandi,Anna F. Dominiczak,Jubao Duan,Paul Elliott,Roberto Elosua,Johan G. Eriksson,Nelson B. Freimer,Eco J. C. de Geus,Nicola Glorioso,Shen Haiqing,Anna-Liisa Hartikainen,Aki S. Havulinna,Andrew A. Hicks,Jennie Hui,Wilmar Igl,Thomas Illig,Antti Jula,Eero Kajantie,Tuomas O. Kilpelaeinen,Markku Koiranen,Ivana Kolcic,Seppo Koskinen,Peter Kovacs,Jaana Laitinen,Jianjun Liu,Marja-Liisa Lokki,Ana Marušić,Andrea Maschio,Thomas Meitinger,Antonella Mulas,Guillaume Paré,Alex N. Parker,John F. Peden,Astrid Petersmann,Irene Pichler,Kirsi H. Pietiläinen,Anneli Pouta,Martin Riddertrale,Jerome I. Rotter,Jennifer G. Sambrook,Alan R. Sanders,Carsten Oliver Schmidt,Juha Sinisalo,Jan Smit,Heather M. Stringham,G. Bragi Walters,Elisabeth Widen,Sarah H. Wild,Gonneke Willemsen,Laura Zagato,Lina Zgaga,Paavo Zitting,Helene Alavere,Martin Farrall,Wendy L. McArdle,Mari Nelis,Marjolein Peters,Samuli Ripatti,Joyce B. J. vVan Meurs,Katja K.H. Aben,Kristin G. Ardlie,Jacques S. Beckmann,John Beilby,Richard N. Bergman,Sven Bergmann,Francis S. Collins,Daniele Cusi,Martin den Heijer,Gudny Eiriksdottir,Pablo V. Gejman,Alistair S. Hall,Anders Hamsten,Heikki V. Huikuri,Carlos Iribarren,Mika Kähönen,Jaakko Kaprio,Sekar Kathiresan,Lambertus A. Kiemeney,Thomas D. Kocher,Lenore J. Launer,Terho Lehtimäki,Olle Melander,Thomas H. Mosley,Arthur W. Musk,Markku S. Nieminen,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Claes Ohlsson,Ben A. Oostra,Lyle J. Palmer,Olli T. Raitakari,Paul M. Ridker,John D. Rioux,Aila Rissanen,Carlo Rivolta,Heribert Schunkert,Alan R. Shuldiner,David S. Siscovick,Michael Stumvoll,Anke Toenjes,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Gert-Jan B. van Ommen,Jorma Viikari,Andrew C. Heath,Nicholas G. Martin,Grant W. Montgomery,Michael A. Province,Manfred Kayser,Alice M. Arnold,Larry D. Atwood,Eric Boerwinkle,Stephen J. Chanock,Panos Deloukas,Christian Gieger,Henrik Grönberg,Per Hall,Andrew T. Hattersley,Christian Hengstenberg,Wolfgang Hoffman,G. Mark Lathrop,Veikko Salomaa,Stefan Schreiber,Manuela Uda,Dawn M. Waterworth,Alan F. Wright,Themistocles L. Assimes,Inês Barroso,Albert Hofman,Karen L. Mohlke,Dorret I. Boomsma,Mark J. Caulfield,L. Adrienne Cupples,Jeanette Erdmann,Caroline S. Fox,Vilmundur Gudnason,Ulf Gyllensten,Tamara B. Harris,Richard B. Hayes,Marjo-Ritta Jarvelin,Vincent Mooser,Patricia B. Munroe,Willem H. Ouwehand,Brenda W.J.H. Penninx,Peter P. Pramstaller,Thomas Quertermous,Igor Rudan,Nilesh J. Samani,Tim D. Spector,Henry Voelzke,Hugh Watkins,James F. Wilson,Leif Groop,Talin Haritunians,Frank B. Hu,Robert C. Kaplan,Andres Metspalu,Kari E. North,David Schlessinger,Nicholas J. Wareham,David J. Hunter,Jeffrey R. O'Connell,David P. Strachan,H. Erich Schadt,Unnur Thorsteinsdottir,Leena Peltonen,André G. Uitterlinden,Peter M. Visscher,Nilanjan Chatterjee,Ruth J. F. Loos,Michael Boehnke,Mark I. McCarthy,Erik Ingelsson,Cecilia M. Lindgren,Gonçalo R. Abecasis,Kari Stefansson,Timothy M. Frayling,Joel N. Hirschhorn +289 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait, revealing patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals
James J. Lee,Robbee Wedow,Aysu Okbay,Edward Kong,Omeed Maghzian,Meghan Zacher,Tuan Anh Nguyen-Viet,Peter Bowers,Julia Sidorenko,Julia Sidorenko,Richard Karlsson Linnér,Richard Karlsson Linnér,Mark Alan Fontana,Mark Alan Fontana,Tushar Kundu,Chanwook Lee,Hui Li,Ruoxi Li,Rebecca Royer,Pascal Timshel,Pascal Timshel,Raymond K. Walters,Raymond K. Walters,Emily A. Willoughby,Loic Yengo,Maris Alver,Yanchun Bao,David W. Clark,Felix R. Day,Nicholas A. Furlotte,Peter K. Joshi,Peter K. Joshi,Kathryn E. Kemper,Aaron Kleinman,Claudia Langenberg,Reedik Mägi,Joey W. Trampush,Shefali S. Verma,Yang Wu,Max Lam,Jing Hua Zhao,Zhili Zheng,Zhili Zheng,Jason D. Boardman,Harry Campbell,Jeremy Freese,Kathleen Mullan Harris,Caroline Hayward,Pamela Herd,Pamela Herd,Meena Kumari,Todd Lencz,Todd Lencz,Jian'an Luan,Anil K. Malhotra,Anil K. Malhotra,Andres Metspalu,Lili Milani,Ken K. Ong,John R. B. Perry,David J. Porteous,Marylyn D. Ritchie,Melissa C. Smart,Blair H. Smith,Joyce Y. Tung,Nicholas J. Wareham,James F. Wilson,Jonathan P. Beauchamp,Dalton Conley,Tõnu Esko,Steven F. Lehrer,Steven F. Lehrer,Steven F. Lehrer,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Sven Oskarsson,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Matthew R. Robinson,Matthew R. Robinson,Kevin Thom,Chelsea Watson,Christopher F. Chabris,Michelle N. Meyer,David Laibson,Jian Yang,Magnus Johannesson,Philipp Koellinger,Philipp Koellinger,Patrick Turley,Patrick Turley,Peter M. Visscher,Daniel J. Benjamin,Daniel J. Benjamin,David Cesarini,David Cesarini +94 more
TL;DR: A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11–13% of the variance ineducational attainment and 7–10% ofthe variance in cognitive performance, which substantially increases the utility ofpolygenic scores as tools in research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing
Cohorts for Heart,Genetic,Genetic,Genetic,Environmental Risk in Ad,Polygenic Defining Genetic,Perades +6 more
TL;DR: Pathway analysis implicates immunity, lipid metabolism, tau binding proteins, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, showing that genetic variants affecting APP and Aβ processing are associated not only with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease but also with LOAD.
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TL;DR: It is shown that evolutionary conservation and coding consequence are key determinants of the strength of purifying selection, that rare-variant load varies substantially across biological pathways, and that each individual contains hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites.
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Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Aiden Corvin,James T.R. Walters,Kai-How Farh,Peter Holmans,Phil Lee,Phil Lee,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,David A. Collier,David A. Collier,Hailiang Huang,Hailiang Huang,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Ingrid Agartz,Ingrid Agartz,Esben Agerbo,Esben Agerbo,Margot Albus,Madeline Alexander,Farooq Amin,Silviu Alin Bacanu,Martin Begemann,Richard A. Belliveau,Judit Bene,Sarah E. Bergen,Sarah E. Bergen,Elizabeth Bevilacqua,Tim B. Bigdeli,Donald W. Black,Richard Bruggeman,Nancy G. Buccola,Randy L. Buckner,William Byerley,Wiepke Cahn,Guiqing Cai,Dominique Campion,Rita M. Cantor,Vaughan J. Carr,Noa Carrera,Stanley V. Catts,Kimberly Chambert,Raymond C.K. Chan,Ronald Y.L. Chen,Eric Y.H. Chen,Wei Cheng,Eric F.C. Cheung,Siow Ann Chong,C. Robert Cloninger,David Cohen,Nadine Cohen,Paul Cormican,Nicholas John Craddock,James J. Crowley,David Curtis,David Curtis,Michael Davidson,Kenneth L. Davis,Franziska Degenhardt,Jurgen Del Favero,Ditte Demontis,Ditte Demontis,Dimitris Dikeos,Timothy G. Dinan,Srdjan Djurovic,Gary Donohoe,Gary Donohoe,Elodie Drapeau,Jubao Duan,Frank Dudbridge,Naser Durmishi,Peter Eichhammer,Johan G. Eriksson,Johan G. Eriksson,Valentina Escott-Price,Laurent Essioux,Ayman H. Fanous,Martilias S. Farrell,Josef Frank,Lude Franke,Robert Freedman,Nelson B. Freimer,Marion Friedl,Joseph I. Friedman,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Giulio Genovese,Lyudmila Georgieva,Ina Giegling,Ina Giegling,Paola Giusti-Rodríguez,Stephanie Godard,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Vera Golimbet,Srihari Gopal,Jacob Gratten,Lieuwe de Haan,Christian Hammer,Marian L. Hamshere,Mark Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Vahram Haroutunian,Vahram Haroutunian,Annette M. Hartmann,Frans Henskens,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,A. Hofman,Mads V. Hollegaard,David M. Hougaard,Masashi Ikeda,Inge Joa,Antonio Julià,René S. Kahn,Luba Kalaydjieva,Sena Karachanak-Yankova,Juha Karjalainen,David J. Kavanagh,Matthew C. Keller,James L. Kennedy,Andrey Khrunin,Yunjung Kim,Janis Klovins,James A. Knowles,Bettina Konte,Vaidutis Kučinskas,Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene,Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova,Anna K. Kähler,Claudine Laurent,Jimmy Lee Chee Keong,S. Hong Lee,Sophie E. Legge,Bernard Lerer,Miaoxin Li,Tao Li,Kung-Yee Liang,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Svetlana A. Limborska,Carmel M. Loughland,Jan Lubinski,Jouko Lönnqvist,Milan Macek,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Brion S. Maher,Wolfgang Maier,J. Mallet,Sara Marsal,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Morten Mattingsdal,Robert W. McCarley,Colm McDonald,Andrew M. McIntosh,Sandra Meier,Carin J. Meijer,Béla Melegh,Ingrid Melle,Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately,Andres Metspalu,Patricia T. Michie,Lili Milani,Vihra Milanova,Younes Mokrab,Derek W. Morris,Derek W. Morris,Ole Mors,Ole Mors,Kieran C. Murphy,Robin M. Murray,Inez Myin-Germeys,Bertram Mueller-Myhsok,Mari Nelis,Igor Nenadic,Deborah A. Nertney,Gerald Nestadt,Kristin K. Nicodemus,Liene Nikitina-Zake,Laura Nisenbaum,Annelie Nordin,Eadbhard O'Callaghan,Colm O'Dushlaine,F. Anthony O'Neill,Sang-Yun Oh,Ann Olincy,Line Olsen,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Christos Pantelis,George N. Papadimitriou,Sergi Papiol,Elena Parkhomenko,Michele T. Pato,Tiina Paunio,Tiina Paunio,Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic,Diana O. Perkins,Olli Pietiläinen,Olli Pietiläinen,Jonathan Pimm,Andrew Pocklington,John Powell,Alkes L. Price,Alkes L. Price,Ann E. Pulver,Shaun Purcell,Digby Quested,Henrik B. Rasmussen,Abraham Reichenberg,Mark Reimers,Alexander Richards,Joshua L. Roffman,Panos Roussos,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Veikko Salomaa,Alan R. Sanders,Ulrich Schall,Christian R. Schubert,Thomas G. Schulze,Thomas G. Schulze,Sibylle G. Schwab,Edward M. Scolnick,Rodney J. Scott,Larry J. Seidman,Jianxin Shi,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Teimuraz Silagadze,Jeremy M. Silverman,Jeremy M. Silverman,Kang Sim,Petr Slominsky,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller,Hon-Cheong So,Chris C. A. Spencer,Eli A. Stahl,Eli A. Stahl,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Elisabeth Stögmann,Richard E. Straub,Eric Strengman,Jana Strohmaier,T. Scott Stroup,Mythily Subramaniam,Jaana Suvisaari,Dragan M. Svrakic,Jin P. Szatkiewicz,Erik Söderman,Srinivas Thirumalai,Draga Toncheva,Sarah Tosato,Juha Veijola,John L. Waddington,Dermot Walsh,Dai Wang,Qiang Wang,Bradley T. Webb,Mark Weiser,Dieter B. Wildenauer,Nigel Williams,Stephanie Williams,Stephanie H. Witt,Aaron R. Wolen,Emily H. M. Wong,Brandon Wormley,Hualin Simon Xi,Clement C. Zai,Xuebin Zheng,Fritz Zimprich,Naomi R. Wray,Kari Stefansson,Peter M. Visscher,Rolf Adolfsson,Ole A. Andreassen,Douglas Blackwood,Elvira Bramon,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Anders D. Børglum,Anders D. Børglum,Sven Cichon,Sven Cichon,Ariel Darvasi,Enrico Domenici,Hannelore Ehrenreich,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Pablo V. Gejman,Michael Gill,Hugh Gurling,Christina M. Hultman,Nakao Iwata,Assen Jablensky,Erik G. Jönsson,Erik G. Jönsson,Kenneth S. Kendler,George Kirov,Jo Knight,Todd Lencz,Todd Lencz,Douglas F. Levinson,Qingqin S. Li,Jianjun Liu,Jianjun Liu,Anil K. Malhotra,Anil K. Malhotra,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,Andrew McQuillin,Jennifer L. Moran,Preben Bo Mortensen,Preben Bo Mortensen,Bryan J. Mowry,Markus M. Noethen,Roel A. Ophoff,Roel A. Ophoff,Michael John Owen,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Carlos N. Pato,Tracey L. Petryshen,Tracey L. Petryshen,Danielle Posthuma,Danielle Posthuma,Marcella Rietschel,Brien P. Riley,Dan Rujescu,Dan Rujescu,Pak C. Sham,Pamela Sklar,David St Clair,Daniel R. Weinberger,Jens R. Wendland,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Patrick F. Sullivan,Patrick F. Sullivan,Michael Conlon O'Donovan +354 more
METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans.
A global reference for human genetic variation.
Adam Auton,Gonçalo R. Abecasis,David Altshuler,Richard Durbin,David R. Bentley,Aravinda Chakravarti,Andrew G. Clark,Peter Donnelly,Evan E. Eichler,Paul Flicek,Stacey Gabriel,Richard A. Gibbs,Eric D. Green,Matthew E. Hurles,Bartha Maria Knoppers,Jan O. Korbel,Eric S. Lander,Charles Lee,Hans Lehrach,Elaine R. Mardis,Gabor T. Marth,Gil McVean,Deborah A. Nickerson,Jeanette Schmidt,Stephen T. Sherry,Jun Wang,Richard K. Wilson,Eric Boerwinkle,Harsha Doddapaneni,Yi Han,Viktoriya Korchina,Christie Kovar,Sandra L. Lee,Donna M. Muzny,Jeffrey G. Reid,Yiming Zhu,Yuqi Chang,Qiang Feng,Qiang Feng,Xiaodong Fang,Xiaodong Fang,Xiaosen Guo,Xiaosen Guo,Min Jian,Min Jian,Hui Jiang,Hui Jiang,Xin Jin,Tianming Lan,Guoqing Li,Jingxiang Li,Yingrui Li,Shengmao Liu,Xiao Liu,Xiao Liu,Yao Lu,Xuedi Ma,Meifang Tang,Bo Wang,Guangbiao Wang,Honglong Wu,Renhua Wu,Xun Xu,Ye Yin,Dandan Zhang,Wenwei Zhang,Jiao Zhao,Meiru Zhao,Xiaole Zheng,Namrata Gupta,Neda Gharani,Lorraine Toji,Norman P. Gerry,Alissa M. Resch,Jonathan Barker,Laura Clarke,Laurent Gil,Sarah E. Hunt,Gavin Kelman,Eugene Kulesha,Rasko Leinonen,William M. McLaren,Rajesh Radhakrishnan,Asier Roa,Dmitriy Smirnov,Richard Smith,Ian Streeter,Anja Thormann,Iliana Toneva,Brendan Vaughan,Xiangqun Zheng-Bradley,Russell J. Grocock,Sean Humphray,Terena James,Zoya Kingsbury,Ralf Sudbrak,M. Albrecht,Vyacheslav Amstislavskiy,Tatiana A. Borodina,Matthias Lienhard,Florian Mertes,Marc Sultan,Bernd Timmermann,Marie-Laure Yaspo,Lucinda Fulton,Victor Ananiev,Zinaida Belaia,Dimitriy Beloslyudtsev,Nathan Bouk,Chao Chen,Deanna M. Church,Robert M. Cohen,Charles Cook,John Garner,Timothy Hefferon,Mikhail Kimelman,Chunlei Liu,John Lopez,Peter Meric,Chris O’Sullivan,Yuri Ostapchuk,Lon Phan,Sergiy Ponomarov,Valerie A. Schneider,Eugene Shekhtman,Karl Sirotkin,Douglas J. Slotta,Hua Zhang,Senduran Balasubramaniam,John Burton,Petr Danecek,Thomas M. Keane,Anja Kolb-Kokocinski,Shane A. McCarthy,James Stalker,Michael A. Quail,Christopher Davies,Jeremy Gollub,Teresa Webster,Brant Wong,Yiping Zhan,Christopher L. Campbell,Yu Kong,Anthony Marcketta,Fuli Yu,Lilian Antunes,Matthew N. Bainbridge,Aniko Sabo,Zhuoyi Huang,Lachlan J. M. Coin,Lin Fang,Lin Fang,Qibin Li,Zhenyu Li,Haoxiang Lin,Binghang Liu,Ruibang Luo,Haojing Shao,Haojing Shao,Yinlong Xie,Chen Ye,Chang Yu,Fan Zhang,Hancheng Zheng,Zhu Hongmei,Can Alkan,Elif Dal,Fatma Kahveci,Erik Garrison,Deniz Kural,Wan-Ping Lee,Wen Fung Leong,Michael Strömberg,Alistair Ward,Jiantao Wu,Mengyao Zhang,Mark J. Daly,Mark A. DePristo,Robert E. Handsaker,Robert E. Handsaker,Eric Banks,Gaurav Bhatia,Guillermo del Angel,Giulio Genovese,Heng Li,Seva Kashin,Seva Kashin,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,James Nemesh,Ryan Poplin,Seungtai Yoon,Jayon Lihm,Vladimir Makarov,Srikanth Gottipati,Alon Keinan,Juan L. Rodriguez-Flores,Tobias Rausch,Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz,Adrian M. Stütz,Kathryn Beal,Avik Datta,Javier Herrero,Graham R. S. Ritchie,Daniel R. Zerbino,Pardis C. Sabeti,Pardis C. Sabeti,Ilya Shlyakhter,Ilya Shlyakhter,Stephen F. Schaffner,Stephen F. Schaffner,Joseph J. Vitti,Joseph J. Vitti,David Neil Cooper,Edward V. Ball,Peter D. Stenson,Bret Barnes,Markus J. Bauer,R. Keira Cheetham,Anthony J. Cox,Michael A. Eberle,Scott Kahn,Lisa Murray,John F. Peden,Richard Shaw,Eimear E. Kenny,Mark A. Batzer,Miriam K. Konkel,Jerilyn A. Walker,Daniel G. MacArthur,Monkol Lek,Ralf Herwig,Li Ding,Daniel C. Koboldt,David E. Larson,Kai Ye,Simon Gravel,Anand Swaroop,Emily Y. Chew,Tuuli Lappalainen,Yaniv Erlich,Melissa Gymrek,Melissa Gymrek,Thomas Willems,Jared T. Simpson,Mark D. Shriver,Jeffrey A. Rosenfeld,Carlos Bustamante,Stephen B. Montgomery,Francisco M. De La Vega,Jake K. Byrnes,Andrew Carroll,Marianne K. DeGorter,Phil Lacroute,Brian K. Maples,Alicia R. Martin,Andrés Moreno-Estrada,Andrés Moreno-Estrada,Suyash Shringarpure,Fouad Zakharia,Eran Halperin,Eran Halperin,Yael Baran,Eliza Cerveira,Jaeho Hwang,Ankit Malhotra,Dariusz Plewczynski,Kamen Radew,Mallory Romanovitch,Chengsheng Zhang,Fiona Hyland,David Craig,Alexis Christoforides,Nils Homer,Tyler Izatt,Ahmet Kurdoglu,Shripad Sinari,Kevin Squire,Chunlin Xiao,Jonathan Sebat,Danny Antaki,Madhusudan Gujral,Amina Noor,Kenny Ye,Esteban G. Burchard,Ryan D. Hernandez,Christopher R. Gignoux,David Haussler,David Haussler,Sol Katzman,W. James Kent,Bryan Howie,Andres Ruiz-Linares,Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis,Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis,Scott E. Devine,Hyun Min Kang,Jeffrey M. Kidd,Thomas W. Blackwell,Sean Caron,Wei Chen,S. Emery,Lars G. Fritsche,Christian Fuchsberger,Goo Jun,Goo Jun,Bingshan Li,Robert H. Lyons,Chris Scheller,Carlo Sidore,Carlo Sidore,Carlo Sidore,Shiya Song,Elzbieta Sliwerska,Daniel Taliun,Adrian Tan,Ryan P. Welch,Mary Kate Wing,Xiaowei Zhan,Philip Awadalla,Philip Awadalla,Alan Hodgkinson,Yun Li,Xinghua Shi,Andrew Quitadamo,Gerton Lunter,Jonathan Marchini,Simon Myers,Claire Churchhouse,Olivier Delaneau,Olivier Delaneau,Anjali Gupta-Hinch,Warren W. Kretzschmar,Zamin Iqbal,Iain Mathieson,Androniki Menelaou,Androniki Menelaou,Andy Rimmer,Dionysia Kiara Xifara,Taras K. Oleksyk,Yunxin Fu,Xiaoming Liu,Momiao Xiong,Lynn B. Jorde,David J. Witherspoon,Jinchuan Xing,Brian L. Browning,Sharon R. Browning,Fereydoun Hormozdiari,Peter H. Sudmant,Ekta Khurana,Chris Tyler-Smith,Cornelis A. Albers,Qasim Ayub,Yuan Chen,Vincenza Colonna,Vincenza Colonna,Luke Jostins,Klaudia Walter,Yali Xue,Mark Gerstein,Alexej Abyzov,Suganthi Balasubramanian,Jieming Chen,Declan Clarke,Yao Fu,Arif Harmanci,Mike Jin,Dong-Hoon Lee,Jeremy Liu,Xinmeng Jasmine Mu,Xinmeng Jasmine Mu,Jing Zhang,Yan Zhang,Christopher Hartl,Khalid Shakir,Jeremiah D. Degenhardt,Sascha Meiers,Benjamin Raeder,Francesco Paolo Casale,Oliver Stegle,Eric-Wubbo Lameijer,Ira M. Hall,Vineet Bafna,Jacob J. Michaelson,Eugene J. Gardner,Ryan E. Mills,Gargi Dayama,Ken Chen,Xian Fan,Zechen Chong,Tenghui Chen,Mark Chaisson,John Huddleston,Maika Malig,Bradley J. Nelson,Nicholas F. Parrish,Ben Blackburne,Sarah J. Lindsay,Zemin Ning,Yujun Zhang,Hugo Y. K. Lam,Cristina Sisu,Danny Challis,Uday S. Evani,James T. Lu,Uma Nagaswamy,Jin Yu,Wangshen Li,Lukas Habegger,Haiyuan Yu,Fiona Cunningham,Ian Dunham,Kasper Lage,Kasper Lage,Jakob Berg Jespersen,Jakob Berg Jespersen,Jakob Berg Jespersen,Heiko Horn,Heiko Horn,Donghoon Kim,Rob DeSalle,Apurva Narechania,Melissa A. Wilson Sayres,Fernando L. Mendez,G. David Poznik,Peter A. Underhill,David Mittelman,Ruby Banerjee,Maria Cerezo,Thomas W. Fitzgerald,Sandra Louzada,Andrea Massaia,Fengtang Yang,Divya Kalra,Walker Hale,Xu Dan,Kathleen C. Barnes,Christine Beiswanger,Hongyu Cai,Hongzhi Cao,Hongzhi Cao,Brenna M. Henn,Danielle Jones,Jane Kaye,Alastair Kent,Angeliki Kerasidou,Rasika A. Mathias,Pilar N. Ossorio,Michael Parker,Charles N. Rotimi,Charmaine D.M. Royal,Karla Sandoval,Yeyang Su,Zhongming Tian,Sarah A. Tishkoff,Marc Via,Yuhong Wang,Huanming Yang,Ling Yang,Jiayong Zhu,Walter F. Bodmer,Gabriel Bedoya,Zhiming Cai,Yang Gao,Jiayou Chu,Leena Peltonen,Andrés C. García-Montero,Alberto Orfao,Julie Dutil,Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado,R. Mathias,Anselm Hennis,Harold Watson,Colin A. McKenzie,Firdausi Qadri,Regina C. LaRocque,Xiaoyan Deng,Danny Asogun,Onikepe A. Folarin,Christian T. Happi,Omonwunmi Omoniwa,Matt Stremlau,Matt Stremlau,Ridhi Tariyal,Ridhi Tariyal,M Jallow,M Jallow,Fatoumatta Sisay Joof,Fatoumatta Sisay Joof,Tumani Corrah,Tumani Corrah,Kirk A. Rockett,Kirk A. Rockett,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Dominic P. Kwiatkowski,Jaspal S. Kooner,Tran Tinh Hien,Sarah J. Dunstan,Sarah J. Dunstan,Nguyen ThuyHang,Richard Fonnie,Robert F. Garry,Lansana Kanneh,Lina M. Moses,John S. Schieffelin,Donald S. Grant,Carla Gallo,Giovanni Poletti,Danish Saleheen,Asif Rasheed,Lisa D. Brooks,Adam Felsenfeld,Jean E. McEwen,Yekaterina Vaydylevich,Audrey Duncanson,Michael Dunn,Jeffery A. Schloss +517 more