Extinction risk from climate change
Chris D. Thomas,Alison Cameron,Rhys E. Green,Rhys E. Green,Michel Bakkenes,Linda J. Beaumont,Yvonne C. Collingham,Barend F.N. Erasmus,Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira,Alan Grainger,Lee Hannah,Lesley Hughes,Brian Huntley,Albert S. van Jaarsveld,Guy F. Midgley,Lera Miles,Lera Miles,Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta,A. Townsend Peterson,Oliver L. Phillips,Stephen E. Williams +20 more
TLDR
Estimates of extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration.Abstract:
Climate change over the past approximately 30 years has produced numerous shifts in the distributions and abundances of species and has been implicated in one species-level extinction. Using projections of species' distributions for future climate scenarios, we assess extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface. Exploring three approaches in which the estimated probability of extinction shows a power-law relationship with geographical range size, we predict, on the basis of mid-range climate-warming scenarios for 2050, that 15-37% of species in our sample of regions and taxa will be 'committed to extinction'. When the average of the three methods and two dispersal scenarios is taken, minimal climate-warming scenarios produce lower projections of species committed to extinction ( approximately 18%) than mid-range ( approximately 24%) and maximum-change ( approximately 35%) scenarios. These estimates show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of seasonality in temperature on thermal tolerance and elevational range size
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used phylogenetically matched beetles from locations spanning 60 degrees of latitude to explore the links between seasonality, physiology and elevational range, and found that thermal tolerance increased with seasonality across all beetle groups, but realized seasonality was a better predictor of thermal tolerance than was annual seasonality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Making ecological models adequate
Wayne M. Getz,Wayne M. Getz,Charles R. Marshall,Colin J. Carlson,Luca Giuggioli,Sadie J. Ryan,Sadie J. Ryan,Stephanie S. Romañach,Carl Boettiger,Samuel D. Chamberlain,Laurel G. Larsen,Paolo D'Odorico,David O'Sullivan +12 more
TL;DR: Common issues in ecological modelling are examined and criteria for improving modelling frameworks are suggested and an appropriate level of process description is crucial to constructing the best possible model, given the available data and understanding of ecological structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientists and the media: the struggle for legitimacy in climate change and conservation science
TL;DR: The authors review the presentation in the UK news media and on the internet of an academic study published in Nature, forecasting future global extinctions as a result of climate change, and suggest that such polarised representations of environmental science are indicative of a "struggle for legitimacy" between environmentalist and antienvironmentalist groups, with potential negative consequences for public trust in science.
Journal ArticleDOI
Making decisions to conserve species under climate change
Luke P. Shoo,Luke P. Shoo,Ary A. Hoffmann,Stephen T. Garnett,Robert L. Pressey,Yvette M. Williams,Martin I. Taylor,Lorena Falconi,Colin J. Yates,John K. Scott,Diogo Alagador,Stephen E. Williams +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a decision framework for the full complement of actions aimed at conserving species under climate change from ongoing conservation in existing refugia through various forms of mobility enhancement to ex situ conservation outside the natural environment is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of acrylic acid through nickel-mediated coupling of ethylene and carbon dioxide - A DFT study
David C. Graham,Cassandra Mitchell,M. I. Bruce,Gregory F. Metha,John H. Bowie,Mark A. Buntine +5 more
TL;DR: The production of acrylic acid (CH2═CHCO2H) via homogeneous nickel-mediated coupling of ethylene and carbon dioxide (CO2) is industrially unattractive at present due to its stoichiometric properties as mentioned in this paper.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
Norman Myers,Russell A. Mittermeier,Cristina G. Mittermeier,Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca,Jennifer Kent +4 more
TL;DR: A ‘silver bullet’ strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on ‘biodiversity hotspots’ where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat, is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100.
Osvaldo E. Sala,F. S. Chapin,Juan J. Armesto,Eric L. Berlow,Janine Bloomfield,Rodolfo Dirzo,E Huber-Sanwald,Laura Foster Huenneke,Robert B. Jackson,Ann P. Kinzig,Rik Leemans,David M. Lodge,Harold A. Mooney,Martín Oesterheld,N L Poff,Martin T. Sykes,Brian Walker,Marilyn D. Walker,Diana H. Wall +18 more
TL;DR: This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, aranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.
Book
Species Diversity in Space and Time
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a hierarchical dynamic puzzle to understand the relationship between habitat diversity and species diversity and the evolution of the relationships between habitats diversity and diversity in evolutionary time.